Shawm
The shawm (/ʃɔːm/) is a conical bore, double-reed woodwind instrument made in Europe from the 12th century to the present day. It achieved its peak of popularity during the medieval and Renaissance periods, after which it was gradually eclipsed by the oboe family of descendant instruments in classical music. It is likely to have come to Western Europe from the Eastern Mediterranean around the time of the Crusades. Double-reed instruments similar to the shawm were long present in Southern Europe and the East, for instance the ancient Greek, and later Byzantine, aulos, the Persian sorna, and the Armenian duduk.
- Classification
- Double reed
- Comment
- enThe shawm (/ʃɔːm/) is a conical bore, double-reed woodwind instrument made in Europe from the 12th century to the present day. It achieved its peak of popularity during the medieval and Renaissance periods, after which it was gradually eclipsed by the oboe family of descendant instruments in classical music. It is likely to have come to Western Europe from the Eastern Mediterranean around the time of the Crusades. Double-reed instruments similar to the shawm were long present in Southern Europe and the East, for instance the ancient Greek, and later Byzantine, aulos, the Persian sorna, and the Armenian duduk.
- Depiction
- Has abstract
- enThe shawm (/ʃɔːm/) is a conical bore, double-reed woodwind instrument made in Europe from the 12th century to the present day. It achieved its peak of popularity during the medieval and Renaissance periods, after which it was gradually eclipsed by the oboe family of descendant instruments in classical music. It is likely to have come to Western Europe from the Eastern Mediterranean around the time of the Crusades. Double-reed instruments similar to the shawm were long present in Southern Europe and the East, for instance the ancient Greek, and later Byzantine, aulos, the Persian sorna, and the Armenian duduk. The body of the shawm is usually turned from a single piece of wood, and terminates in a flared bell somewhat like that of a trumpet. Beginning in the 16th century, shawms were made in several sizes, from sopranino to great bass, and four- and five-part music could be played by a consort consisting entirely of shawms. All later shawms (excepting the smallest) have at least one key allowing a downward extension of the compass; the keywork is typically covered by a perforated wooden cover called the fontanelle. The bassoon-like double reed, made from the same arundo donax cane used for oboes and bassoons, is inserted directly into a socket at the top of the instrument, or in the larger types, on the end of a metal tube called the bocal. The pirouette, a small wooden attachment with a cavity in the center resembling a thimble, surrounds the lower part of the reed—this provides support for the lips and embouchure. Since only a short portion of the reed protrudes past the pirouette, the player has only limited contact with the reed, and therefore limited control of dynamics. The shawm's conical bore and flaring bell, combined with the style of playing dictated by the use of a pirouette, gives the instrument a piercing, trumpet-like sound, well-suited for outdoor performances.
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- Shawm
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- enShawm
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- www.collalembolic.com/
- www.dulcians.org/
- www.instagram.com/p/BLJpX-zjwrW/
- www.music.iastate.edu/antiqua/renshawm.htm
- www.sackpfeyffer-zu-linden.de/shawm.html
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- Alta capella
- Ancient Greek music
- Arabic language
- Arundo donax
- Asia
- Aulos
- Bagpipe
- Baroque oboe
- Bassoon
- Bocal
- Bombard (music)
- Bore (wind instruments)
- Brittany
- Byzantine Empire
- Catalan shawm
- Category:Articles containing video clips
- Category:Double-reed instruments
- Category:Early musical instruments
- Category:Single oboes with conical bore
- Category:Swiss musical instruments
- Chalumeau
- Chirimia
- Chirimía
- Christian missionaries
- Circular breathing
- Classical music
- Conical bore
- Cornamuse
- Countermelodies
- Crumhorn
- Crusades
- Dance
- David Munrow
- Double reed
- Double-reed
- Dover Publications
- Duduk
- Dulcian
- Dulzaina
- Dutch people
- Eastern Mediterranean
- Egypt
- Embouchure
- English language
- Europe
- File:BassShawm.gif
- File:Domenico Corrado alla pipita.ogv
- File:Herderstafereel met een schalmeispeler Rijksmuseum SK-A-1494.jpeg
- France
- German language
- Gralla (instrument)
- Great bass
- Guatemala
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- Hornpipe (musical instrument)
- Italian folk music
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- Michael Praetorius
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- Piffero
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- Pommer
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- Ramen
- Recorder (musical instrument)
- Renaissance
- Rhaita
- Sackbut
- Sanayi
- Saracen
- Slide trumpet
- Sopila
- Sorna
- Suona
- Syntagma Musicum
- Tabor (instrument)
- Taepyeongso
- Tibet
- Trumpet
- Vulgar Latin
- Wait (musician)
- Western Europe
- Woodwind instrument
- Zurna
- Name
- enShawm
- Reference
- enBaines. 1991..
- Related
- en*Sorna *Rhaita *Aulos *Suona *Sopila *Zurna
- SameAs
- 4179374-2
- 4rHQz
- Calamaula
- Chalemie
- Charamela
- Charamela
- Ciaramella
- m.01krq9
- Q677921
- Šalmaj
- Šalmaj
- Šalmaj
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- Ŝalmo
- Schalmei
- Schalmei
- Schalmei
- Shawm
- Shawm
- Skalmei
- Skalmeie
- Skalmeie
- Skalmeija
- Skalmeja
- Skalmeje
- Szałamaja
- Txirimia
- Xeremia
- Zumarja
- Шалмај
- Шалмај
- Шалмей
- Шоломія
- קלמית
- ショーム
- Subject
- Category:Articles containing video clips
- Category:Double-reed instruments
- Category:Early musical instruments
- Category:Single oboes with conical bore
- Category:Swiss musical instruments
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- Shawm?oldid=1099586843&ns=0
- WikiPageLength
- 17606
- Wikipage page ID
- 247215
- Wikipage revision ID
- 1099586843
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- Template:Authority control
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- Template:Cite EB1911
- Template:Commonscatinline
- Template:Double reed
- Template:Full citation needed
- Template:Harvid
- Template:Infobox instrument
- Template:IPAc-en
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- Template:Music
- Template:Nihongo
- Template:Reflist
- Template:Renaissance music
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