
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch in real union, who was both King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. It was one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th- to 17th-century Europe. At its largest territorial extent, in the early 17th century, the Commonwealth covered almost 1,000,000 km2 (400,000 sq mi) and as of 1618 sustained a multi-ethnic population of almost 12 million. Polish and Latin were the two co-official languages.
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- populated place
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- enleft
- enright
- Alt
- enBanknote
- enDucat
- enPolonaise bed
- enPolonaise dress
- enSarmatian man
- enSarmatian woman
- Anthem
- Gaude Mater Polonia
- BorderP
- enno
- Capital
- enKraków
- enWarsaw
- ende facto:
- ende jure:
- Capital
- De facto
- De jure
- Kraków
- Capital
- Kraków
- Capital
- Warsaw
- Caption
- enCoat of arms of the Commonwealth on a 15 ducat coin featuring Sigismund III, 1617
- enKraków Militia, a local guard formation in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth during the 16th and 17th centuries
- enSarmatian style for men; moustache, red kontusz coat, gold-silk pas with blue sash of the Order of the White Eagle
- enThe First Lady of the Republic – Elżbieta Sieniawska portrayed in Sarmata pose and in a male coat called delia
- enThe Greek-Catholic St. George's Cathedral in Lwów was constructed between 1746 and 1762 following the Act of Unification of the Lwów archeparchy with the Holy See.
- enThe church in Kamieniec Podolski was converted into a mosque during the Turkish occupation between 1672 and 1699, with the 33-meter minaret being added at that time.
- enWinged Hussars were a heavy cavalry formation serving the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland throughout the 16th and 17th centuries.
- 5
- Comment
- enThe Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch in real union, who was both King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. It was one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th- to 17th-century Europe. At its largest territorial extent, in the early 17th century, the Commonwealth covered almost 1,000,000 km2 (400,000 sq mi) and as of 1618 sustained a multi-ethnic population of almost 12 million. Polish and Latin were the two co-official languages.
- CommonLanguages
- enOfficial:
- enPolish and Latin
- ConventionalLongName
- enPolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
- Date
- 24 June 2011
- 17 April 2021
- DateEnd
- --10-24
- DateEvent
- 5 August 1772
- 3 May 1791
- 23 January 1793
- DateStart
- --07-01
- Depiction
- Direction
- enhorizontal
- envertical
- Era
- Early modern period
- Event
- --05-03
- 1
- 2
- EventEnd
- 3
- EventStart
- Union of Lublin
- FlagBorder
- enno
- FlagP
- enKingdom of Poland-flag.svg
- enRoyal banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.svg
- FlagS
- enFlag of Russia.svg
- enFlag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg
- enFlag of the Kingdom of Prussia .svg
- FlagType
- Banner of Poland
- Footer
- enGdańsk , the Commonwealth's chief seaport and trading centre from which goods would be transported along the Vistula River to Warsaw, Kraków and other towns in the country.
- enPolonaise dress and the Polish bed , both from the 18th century
- 1770.0
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- enParliamentary constitutional monarchy
- enParliamentary elective monarchy
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- Parliamentary
- Government type
- Parliamentary
- Has abstract
- enThe Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch in real union, who was both King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. It was one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th- to 17th-century Europe. At its largest territorial extent, in the early 17th century, the Commonwealth covered almost 1,000,000 km2 (400,000 sq mi) and as of 1618 sustained a multi-ethnic population of almost 12 million. Polish and Latin were the two co-official languages. The Commonwealth was established by the Union of Lublin in July 1569, but the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania had been in a de facto personal union since 1386 with the marriage of the Polish queen Jadwiga (Hedwig) and Lithuania's Grand Duke Jogaila, who was crowned King jure uxoris Władysław II Jagiełło of Poland. The First Partition in 1772 and the Second Partition in 1793 greatly reduced the state's size and the Commonwealth was partitioned out of existence due to the Third Partition in 1795. The Union possessed many features unique among contemporary states. Its political system was characterized by strict checks upon monarchical power. These checks were enacted by a legislature (sejm) controlled by the nobility (szlachta). This idiosyncratic system was a precursor to modern concepts of democracy, as of 1791 constitutional monarchy, and federation. Although the two component states of the Commonwealth were formally equal, Poland was the dominant partner in the union. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was marked by high levels of ethnic diversity and by relative religious tolerance, guaranteed by the Warsaw Confederation Act 1573; however, the degree of religious freedom varied over time. The Constitution of 1791 acknowledged Catholicism as the "dominant religion", unlike the Warsaw Confederation, but freedom of religion was still granted with it. After several decades of prosperity, it entered a period of protracted political, military, and economic decline. Its growing weakness led to its partitioning among its neighbors (Austria, Prussia, and Russia) during the late 18th century. Shortly before its demise, the Commonwealth adopted a massive reform effort and enacted the 3 May Constitution, which was the first codified constitution in modern European history and the second in modern world history after the United States Constitution.
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- Hypernym
- State
- Image
- enAnonymous Elżbieta Sieniawska as Minerva.png
- enBellotto Cracow Suburb leading to the Castle Square.jpg
- enBernardo Bellotto - Church of the Holy Cross in Warsaw - Google Art Project.jpg
- enChurch of Ss. Peter & Paul .jpg
- enChâteau de Versailles, appartements de la Dauphine, chambre, lit, Nicolas Heurtaut.jpg
- enDress and Petticoat LACMA M.2007.211.720a-b.jpg
- enGdańsk, ul. Długi Targ 2.jpg
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- enSoborSwJuraLwow2.jpg
- 15
- ImageCoat
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- ImageMapCaption
- enThe Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth with vassal states at their peak in 1619
- Is primary topic of
- Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
- Label
- enPolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
- Latitude
- 50.05
- Leader
- Sigismund II Augustus
- Stanisław August Poniatowski
- Legislature
- General Sejm
- Legislature
- General Sejm
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- www.msz.gov.pl/resource/49da65c5-9917-40de-b542-5c89751cacf6:JCR
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- File:Anniversary anthem of Constitution of May 3 1791.jpg
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- File:Manuscript of the Constitution of the 3rd May 1791.PNG
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- File:Poland and Lithuania in 1526.PNG
- File:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1619.PNG
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- File:Rzeczpospolita Rozbiory 3.png
- File:Siemenowicz rocket.png
- File:Siemiginowski Sobieski at the Battle of Vienna.jpg
- File:Sigismund of Poland.JPG
- File:Silvestre Augustus II the Strong.jpg
- File:The density of the urban network per voivodeship of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth ca. 1650 (Eng).png
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- File:Wilanow palace - panoramio (2).jpg
- File:Winged hussar, historical reconstruction.jpg
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- War of the Polish Succession
- War of the Polish Succession (1587–88)
- Warsaw
- Warsaw Confederation
- Warsaw Confederation (1704)
- Warta River
- Wawel Cathedral
- Wawel Royal Castle
- Wawrzyniec Grzymała Goślicki
- Western Europe
- Western Ukraine
- Wieprz
- Wilanów Palace
- William, Duke of Austria
- Wilno
- Winged Hussars
- Wojsko kwarciane
- World language
- World War I
- Władysław II Jagiełło
- Yiddish
- Zamość
- Załuski Library
- Zebrzydowski rebellion
- Zebrzydowski Rebellion
- Ziemia
- Zolochiv, Lviv Oblast
- Zolochiv Castle
- Żupan
- Łańcut Castle
- Łańcut Synagogue
- Łukasz Opaliński (1581–1654)
- Longitude
- 19.93
- LowerHouse
- enChamber of Deputies
- Motto
- "Pro Fide, Lege et Rege"
- "Si Deus nobiscum quis contra nos"
- ("For Faith, Law and King")
- ("If God is with us, then who is against us")
- Name
- enPolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
- NationalAnthem
- Gaude Mater Polonia
- NationalMotto
- en"Pro Fide, Lege et Rege"
- en"Si Deus nobiscum quis contra nos"
- en("For Faith, Law and King")
- en("If God is with us, then who is against us")
- P
- enCrown of the Kingdom of Poland
- enGrand Duchy of Lithuania
- Point
- 50.05388888888889 19.934722222222224
- Religion
- enOfficial:
- enRoman Catholicism
- Religion
- Catholic Church
- S
- enHabsburg MonarchyAustrian Habsburg Monarchy
- enKingdom of Prussia
- enRussian Empire
- SameAs
- 1060577984
- 280847926
- Abiejų Tautų Respublika
- Bi Nazioen Errepublika
- Co-fhlaitheas na Pòlainn - Liotuàinia
- Comhlathas na Polainne - na Liotuáine
- Confederació de Polònia i Lituània
- Confederasion połaco-lituana
- Confederazione polacco-lituana
- Den polsk-litauiske realunion
- Det polsk-litauiske samveldet
- gJpT
- http://sws.geonames.org/10177574/
- Komanwel Poland–Lithuania
- Komonwelt han Polonya-Lituania
- Liên bang Ba Lan và Lietuva
- m.01ycx0
- Persemakmuran Polandia-Lituania
- Poalsk-Litouske Mienebest
- Pölen
- Polen-Litauen
- Polen-Litauen
- Polen-Litauen
- Polijas—Lietuvas ūnija
- Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
- Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
- Poljsko-Litavska Unija
- Poljsko-Litvanska Unija
- Polonia, Medan Polonia, Medan
- Polonia, Medan Polonia, Medan
- Polonia (luuk)
- Polonia-Lituania
- Polonya-Litvanya Birliği
- Polsk-litauiska samväldet
- Pólsk-litháíska samveldið
- Pólsko-Litawska
- Polsko-litevská unie (1569–1795)
- Pools-Litause Gemenebes
- Pools-Litouwse Gemenebest
- Puola-Liettua
- Q172107
- Q19731014
- Q28745784
- Q31999049
- Q7208888
- Rech Pospolita
- Reç Pospolita
- Reç Pospolita
- Republica d'as Dos Nacions
- República das Dúas Nacións
- República das Duas Nações
- Republica de las Doas Nacions
- República de las Dos Naciones
- República de les Dos Naciones
- Republik an Div Vroad
- Republika obeh narodov
- Republika oboch národov
- République des Deux Nations
- Res Publica Utriusque Nationis
- Respubliko de Ambaŭ Nacioj
- Rzeczpospolita
- Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
- Uniunea statală polono-lituaniană
- Y Gymanwlad Bwylaidd–Lithwanaidd
- Πολωνική-Λιθουανική Κοινοπολιτεία
- Државна заједница Пољске и Литваније
- Жечпосполита
- Полско-литванска Државна Заедница
- Речь Посполитæ
- Речь Посполитая
- Речь Посполитая
- Речь посполита
- Рэч Паспалітая
- Річ Посполита
- Ռեչ Պոսպոլիտա
- האיחוד הפולני-ליטאי
- الكومنولث البولندي الليتواني
- لهستون-لیتوانی مشترکالمنافع
- لهیستان-لیتوانی بیرلیگی
- مشترکالمنافع لهستان–لیتوانی
- پولینڈ-لتھوانیا دولت مشترکہ
- پولینڈ-لتھوانیا دولت مشترکہ
- पोलिश-लिथुएनियन राष्ट्रकुल
- போலந்து-லித்துவேனியா பொதுநலவாயம்
- เครือจักรภพโปแลนด์–ลิทัวเนีย
- პოლონეთ-ლიტვის თანამეგობრობა
- ポーランド・リトアニア共和国
- 波蘭立陶宛聯邦
- 폴란드-리투아니아
- SeeAlso
- Offices
- The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
- StatArea
- 1000000
- 815000
- StatPop
- en~8,000,000
- StatYear
- 1582
- 1618
- Subject
- Category:1569 establishments in Poland
- Category:16th century in Lithuania
- Category:16th century in Poland
- Category:16th century in Ukraine
- Category:1795 disestablishments in Poland
- Category:17th century in Lithuania
- Category:17th century in Poland
- Category:17th century in Ukraine
- Category:18th century in Lithuania
- Category:18th century in Poland
- Category:18th century in Ukraine
- Category:Christian states
- Category:Diarchies
- Category:Duchy of Livonia
- Category:Early Modern history of Belarus
- Category:Early Modern history of Lithuania
- Category:Early Modern history of Poland
- Category:Early Modern history of Ukraine
- Category:Former countries in Europe
- Category:Former monarchies of Europe
- Category:Former republics
- Category:Former state unions
- Category:History of Lithuania (1569–1795)
- Category:History of Transnistria
- Category:Lithuania–Poland relations
- Category:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
- Category:Political history of Lithuania
- Category:Political history of Poland
- Category:Political history of Ukraine
- Category:States and territories disestablished in 1795
- Category:States and territories established in 1569
- SymbolType
- enRoyal Coat of arms
- SymbolTypeArticle
- enCoat of arms of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
- Thumbnail
- TitleLeader
- List of Lithuanian monarchs
- List of Polish monarchs
- TotalWidth
- 260
- 320
- UpperHouse
- Senate of Poland
- Url
- https://web.archive.org/web/20110624022527/http:/www.commonwealth.pl/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20210417044200/http:/rzecz-pospolita.com/
- WasDerivedFrom
- Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth?oldid=1124440137&ns=0
- Width
- 122
- 130
- 134
- 218
- WikiPageInterLanguageLink
- Kenunaniezh Pologn ha Lituania
- WikiPageLength
- 185070
- Wikipage page ID
- 343234
- Wikipage revision ID
- 1124440137
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- YearEnd
- 1795
- YearLeader
- 1569
- 1764
- YearStart
- 1569