Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch in real union, who was both King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. It was one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th- to 17th-century Europe. At its largest territorial extent, in the early 17th century, the Commonwealth covered almost 1,000,000 km2 (400,000 sq mi) and as of 1618 sustained a multi-ethnic population of almost 12 million. Polish and Latin were the two co-official languages.

Align
enleft
enright
Alt
enBanknote
enDucat
enPolonaise bed
enPolonaise dress
enSarmatian man
enSarmatian woman
Anthem
Gaude Mater Polonia
BorderP
enno
Capital
enKraków
enWarsaw
ende facto:
ende jure:
Capital
De facto
De jure
Kraków
Capital
Kraków
Capital
Warsaw
Caption
enCoat of arms of the Commonwealth on a 15 ducat coin featuring Sigismund III, 1617
enKraków Militia, a local guard formation in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth during the 16th and 17th centuries
enSarmatian style for men; moustache, red kontusz coat, gold-silk pas with blue sash of the Order of the White Eagle
enThe First Lady of the Republic – Elżbieta Sieniawska portrayed in Sarmata pose and in a male coat called delia
enThe Greek-Catholic St. George's Cathedral in Lwów was constructed between 1746 and 1762 following the Act of Unification of the Lwów archeparchy with the Holy See.
enThe church in Kamieniec Podolski was converted into a mosque during the Turkish occupation between 1672 and 1699, with the 33-meter minaret being added at that time.
enWinged Hussars were a heavy cavalry formation serving the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland throughout the 16th and 17th centuries.
5
Comment
enThe Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch in real union, who was both King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. It was one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th- to 17th-century Europe. At its largest territorial extent, in the early 17th century, the Commonwealth covered almost 1,000,000 km2 (400,000 sq mi) and as of 1618 sustained a multi-ethnic population of almost 12 million. Polish and Latin were the two co-official languages.
CommonLanguages
enOfficial:
enPolish and Latin
ConventionalLongName
enPolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Date
24 June 2011
17 April 2021
DateEnd
--10-24
DateEvent
5 August 1772
3 May 1791
23 January 1793
DateStart
--07-01
Depiction
15 ducats of Sigismund III Vasa from 1617.png
20200512 Kościół Świętych Apostołów Piotra i Pawła w Krakowie 1731 9916 DxO.jpg
Anniversary anthem of Constitution of May 3 1791.jpg
Anonymous Elżbieta Sieniawska as Minerva.png
Bellotto Cracow Suburb leading to the Castle Square.jpg
Bernardo Bellotto - Church of the Holy Cross in Warsaw - Google Art Project.jpg
Cereals export through Gdańsk 1619-1799.png
Château de Versailles, appartements de la Dauphine, chambre, lit, Nicolas Heurtaut.jpg
Chorągiew królewska króla Zygmunta III Wazy.svg
Church of Ss. Peter & Paul (Kamianets Old Town).jpg
Coat of Arms of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.svg
Dress and Petticoat (Robe a la Polonaise) LACMA M.2007.211.720a-b.jpg
Emendanda.jpg
Flag of Russia.svg
Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg
Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1750-1801).svg
Flora Sinensis - Mango.jpg
Gdańsk, ul. Długi Targ 2.jpg
Kauffman Stanisław Poniatowski.jpg
Kingdom of Poland-flag.svg
Kochanowski - Treny (1583).jpg
Konfederacja Warszawska.jpg
Krasiczyn od fosy.jpg
Lamentation over the dead credit.jpg
LDK vyriausiasis tribunolas Pilies vartai.jpg
Lublin. Stary ratusz (1).jpg
Lublin Kamienica Konopniców.jpg
Lukasz Opalinski (1581-1654).jpg
Malbork (DerHexer) 2010-07-14 067.jpg
Manuscript of the Constitution of the 3rd May 1791.png
Marcello Bacciarelli - Portret Franciszka Salezego Potockiego.jpg
Merkuriusz Gloger t.1 s 284.jpg
Milicje krakowskie Rolka sztokholmska.jpg
Museum in Poznan - Kufel 01.jpg
Orthodox Church of the Holy Spirit 1, Vilnius, Lithuania - Diliff.jpg
Pažaislis Monastery exterior, Kaunas, Lithuania - Diliff.jpg
Pałac Branickich w Białymstoku - 12 VIII 2022 r. 7.jpg
Peeter-Pauli kirik Vilniuses.jpg
POL-A1a-Bilet Skarbowy-5 Zlotych (1794 First Issue).jpg
Poland-00808 - Castle Square (31215382745).jpg
Poland1764physical.jpg
Poland and Lithuania in 1526.png
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1619.png
Polish Sejm 1622.jpg
Polska Nieborów 022.jpg
Port gdański, XVII w.jpg
Potega Rzeczypospolitej u zenitu Zlota wolnosc Elekcja 1573.jpg
Ratusz Zamosc.jpg
Royal banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.svg
Rzeczpospolita 1619 - 1621.png
Rzeczpospolita Rozbiory 3.png
Siemenowicz rocket.png
Siemiginowski Allegory of Spring.jpg
Siemiginowski Sobieski at the Battle of Vienna.jpg
Sigismund at horse.jpg
Sigismund of Poland.jpg
Silvestre Augustus II the Strong.jpg
SoborSwJuraLwow2.jpg
Statuta Regni Poloniae.jpg
Tapestry with the Arms of Michał Kazimierz Pac.png
Taurus Poniatovii.png
The density of the urban network per voivodeship of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth ca. 1650 (Eng).png
Unia Lubelska 1569 r..jpg
Wilanow palace - panoramio (2).jpg
Winged hussar, historical reconstruction.jpg
Zbroje husarskie.jpg
Łańcut synagoga 06.jpg
Direction
enhorizontal
envertical
Era
Early modern period
Event
--05-03
1
2
EventEnd
3
EventStart
Union of Lublin
FlagBorder
enno
FlagP
enKingdom of Poland-flag.svg
enRoyal banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.svg
FlagS
enFlag of Russia.svg
enFlag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg
enFlag of the Kingdom of Prussia .svg
FlagType
Banner of Poland
Footer
enGdańsk , the Commonwealth's chief seaport and trading centre from which goods would be transported along the Vistula River to Warsaw, Kraków and other towns in the country.
enPolonaise dress and the Polish bed , both from the 18th century
1770.0
FooterAlign
enleft
Geometry
POINT(19.934722900391 50.053890228271)
GovernmentType
enParliamentary constitutional monarchy
enParliamentary elective monarchy
Hereditary monarchy
Parliamentary
Government type
Parliamentary
Has abstract
enThe Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch in real union, who was both King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. It was one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th- to 17th-century Europe. At its largest territorial extent, in the early 17th century, the Commonwealth covered almost 1,000,000 km2 (400,000 sq mi) and as of 1618 sustained a multi-ethnic population of almost 12 million. Polish and Latin were the two co-official languages. The Commonwealth was established by the Union of Lublin in July 1569, but the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania had been in a de facto personal union since 1386 with the marriage of the Polish queen Jadwiga (Hedwig) and Lithuania's Grand Duke Jogaila, who was crowned King jure uxoris Władysław II Jagiełło of Poland. The First Partition in 1772 and the Second Partition in 1793 greatly reduced the state's size and the Commonwealth was partitioned out of existence due to the Third Partition in 1795. The Union possessed many features unique among contemporary states. Its political system was characterized by strict checks upon monarchical power. These checks were enacted by a legislature (sejm) controlled by the nobility (szlachta). This idiosyncratic system was a precursor to modern concepts of democracy, as of 1791 constitutional monarchy, and federation. Although the two component states of the Commonwealth were formally equal, Poland was the dominant partner in the union. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was marked by high levels of ethnic diversity and by relative religious tolerance, guaranteed by the Warsaw Confederation Act 1573; however, the degree of religious freedom varied over time. The Constitution of 1791 acknowledged Catholicism as the "dominant religion", unlike the Warsaw Confederation, but freedom of religion was still granted with it. After several decades of prosperity, it entered a period of protracted political, military, and economic decline. Its growing weakness led to its partitioning among its neighbors (Austria, Prussia, and Russia) during the late 18th century. Shortly before its demise, the Commonwealth adopted a massive reform effort and enacted the 3 May Constitution, which was the first codified constitution in modern European history and the second in modern world history after the United States Constitution.
HeaderAlign
enleft/right/center
Hypernym
State
Image
enAnonymous Elżbieta Sieniawska as Minerva.png
enBellotto Cracow Suburb leading to the Castle Square.jpg
enBernardo Bellotto - Church of the Holy Cross in Warsaw - Google Art Project.jpg
enChurch of Ss. Peter & Paul .jpg
enChâteau de Versailles, appartements de la Dauphine, chambre, lit, Nicolas Heurtaut.jpg
enDress and Petticoat LACMA M.2007.211.720a-b.jpg
enGdańsk, ul. Długi Targ 2.jpg
enMarcello Bacciarelli - Portret Franciszka Salezego Potockiego.jpg
enMilicje krakowskie Rolka sztokholmska.jpg
enPOL-A1a-Bilet Skarbowy-5 Zlotych .jpg
enPolska rullen - Livrustkammaren - 21467.tif
enPort gdański, XVII w.jpg
enSoborSwJuraLwow2.jpg
15
ImageCoat
enCoat of Arms of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.svg
ImageFlag
enChorągiew królewska króla Zygmunta III Wazy.svg
ImageMap
enRzeczpospolita 1619 - 1621.png
ImageMapCaption
enThe Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth with vassal states at their peak in 1619
Is primary topic of
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Label
enPolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Latitude
50.05
Leader
Sigismund II Augustus
Stanisław August Poniatowski
Legislature
General Sejm
Legislature
General Sejm
Link from a Wikipage to an external page
www.msz.gov.pl/resource/49da65c5-9917-40de-b542-5c89751cacf6:JCR
rzecz-pospolita.com/
web.archive.org/web/20110624022527/http:/www.commonwealth.pl/
web.archive.org/web/20210417044200/http:/rzecz-pospolita.com/
www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0010f8z
www.wilanow-palac.pl/pasaz
www.commonwealth.pl
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage
Absolute monarchy
Adam Adamandy Kochański
Adam Jarzębski
Agronomist
Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł
Alchemy
Aleksander Brückner
Amber
Amber Road
Amsterdam
Ancient Rome
Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski
Angelika Kauffmann
Anna Jagiellon
Annibale Stabile
Antemurale Christianitatis
Antwerp
Apostasy
Arabic language
Aramaic
Architecture of Italy
Armenian language
Armenians
Armenians in Poland
Armorial of Polish nobility
Army of the Duchy of Warsaw
Artillery
Artisan
Ash
Asprilio Pacelli
Astronomer
Atlas (cartography)
Attic (architecture)
Augustów
Augustus III
Augustus II the Strong
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Baal Shem Tov
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Bay window
Belarusian Arabic alphabet
Belarusian language
Belgium
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Bernardo Morando
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Brazil
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Category:1569 establishments in Poland
Category:16th century in Lithuania
Category:16th century in Poland
Category:16th century in Ukraine
Category:1795 disestablishments in Poland
Category:17th century in Lithuania
Category:17th century in Poland
Category:17th century in Ukraine
Category:18th century in Lithuania
Category:18th century in Poland
Category:18th century in Ukraine
Category:Christian states
Category:Diarchies
Category:Duchy of Livonia
Category:Early Modern history of Belarus
Category:Early Modern history of Lithuania
Category:Early Modern history of Poland
Category:Early Modern history of Ukraine
Category:Former countries in Europe
Category:Former monarchies of Europe
Category:Former republics
Category:Former state unions
Category:History of Lithuania (1569–1795)
Category:History of Transnistria
Category:Lithuania–Poland relations
Category:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Category:Political history of Lithuania
Category:Political history of Poland
Category:Political history of Ukraine
Category:States and territories disestablished in 1795
Category:States and territories established in 1569
Catherine de' Medici
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Danube River
Danzig rebellion
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De facto
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Delia (clothing)
Deluge (history)
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File:20200512 Kościół Świętych Apostołów Piotra i Pawła w Krakowie 1731 9916 DxO.jpg
File:Anniversary anthem of Constitution of May 3 1791.jpg
File:Cereals export through Gdańsk 1619-1799.png
File:Konfederacja Warszawska.jpg
File:Krasiczyn od fosy.jpg
File:Lamentation over the dead credit.jpg
File:LDK vyriausiasis tribunolas Pilies vartai.jpg
File:Lublin. Stary ratusz (1).jpg
File:Manuscript of the Constitution of the 3rd May 1791.PNG
File:Poland-00808 - Castle Square (31215382745).jpg
File:Poland1764physical.jpg
File:Poland and Lithuania in 1526.PNG
File:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1619.PNG
File:Polish Sejm 1622.jpg
File:Polska Nieborów 022.jpg
File:Potega Rzeczypospolitej u zenitu Zlota wolnosc Elekcja 1573.JPG
File:Rzeczpospolita Rozbiory 3.png
File:Siemenowicz rocket.png
File:Siemiginowski Sobieski at the Battle of Vienna.jpg
File:Sigismund of Poland.JPG
File:Silvestre Augustus II the Strong.jpg
File:The density of the urban network per voivodeship of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth ca. 1650 (Eng).png
File:Unia Lubelska 1569 r..jpg
File:Wilanow palace - panoramio (2).jpg
File:Winged hussar, historical reconstruction.jpg
Finland
First Partition of Poland
Flanders
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French language
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Heavy cavalry
Hebrew language
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Hemp
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Hetmans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Hide (skin)
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Historical demographics of Poland
History of Jews in Poland
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History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)
History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–1795)
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Johann Christoph Glaubitz
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John II Casimir
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John Jonston
Józef Piłsudski
Judaism
Judicial
Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz
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List of Lithuanian monarchs
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Mikołaj %22the Black%22 Radziwiłł
Mikołaj %22the Red%22 Radziwiłł
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Oriental
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Osman II
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Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn
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Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth
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Political system
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The Anatomy of Melancholy
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Tobago
Topography
Trade fair
Trade route
Transylvania
Treaty of Bromberg
Treaty of Lubowla
Treaty of Pereyaslav
Treaty of Stuhmsdorf
Truce of Altmark
Truce of Deulino
Tsardom of Russia
Tylman van Gameren
Ukraine
Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Lviv
Ukrainian Cossacks
Ukrainian language
Union of Brest
Union of Grodno (1432)
Union of Hungary and Poland
Union of Kraków and Vilnius
Union of Krewo
Union of Lublin
Union of Vilnius and Radom
Unitarianism
United States Constitution
Unity Day (Russia)
University of Aberdeen
University of Oxford
University of Washington Press
Upper Hungary
Vasili IV of Russia
Vilnius
Vilnius Cathedral
Vilnius University
Virtuti Militari
Vistula
Vistula River
Vlachs
Voivode
Voivodeship
Voivodship
Volhynia
Volhynian Voivodeship (1569–1795)
Wacław Potocki
War against Sigismund
War of the Polish Succession
War of the Polish Succession (1587–88)
Warsaw
Warsaw Confederation
Warsaw Confederation (1704)
Warta River
Wawel Cathedral
Wawel Royal Castle
Wawrzyniec Grzymała Goślicki
Western Europe
Western Ukraine
Wieprz
Wilanów Palace
William, Duke of Austria
Wilno
Winged Hussars
Wojsko kwarciane
World language
World War I
Władysław II Jagiełło
Yiddish
Zamość
Załuski Library
Zebrzydowski rebellion
Zebrzydowski Rebellion
Ziemia
Zolochiv, Lviv Oblast
Zolochiv Castle
Żupan
Łańcut Castle
Łańcut Synagogue
Łukasz Opaliński (1581–1654)
Longitude
19.93
LowerHouse
enChamber of Deputies
Motto
"Pro Fide, Lege et Rege"
"Si Deus nobiscum quis contra nos"
("For Faith, Law and King")
("If God is with us, then who is against us")
Name
enPolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
NationalAnthem
Gaude Mater Polonia
NationalMotto
en"Pro Fide, Lege et Rege"
en"Si Deus nobiscum quis contra nos"
en("For Faith, Law and King")
en("If God is with us, then who is against us")
P
enCrown of the Kingdom of Poland
enGrand Duchy of Lithuania
Point
50.05388888888889 19.934722222222224
Religion
enOfficial:
enRoman Catholicism
Religion
Catholic Church
S
enHabsburg MonarchyAustrian Habsburg Monarchy
enKingdom of Prussia
enRussian Empire
SameAs
1060577984
280847926
Abiejų Tautų Respublika
Bi Nazioen Errepublika
Co-fhlaitheas na Pòlainn - Liotuàinia
Comhlathas na Polainne - na Liotuáine
Confederació de Polònia i Lituània
Confederasion połaco-lituana
Confederazione polacco-lituana
Den polsk-litauiske realunion
Det polsk-litauiske samveldet
gJpT
http://sws.geonames.org/10177574/
Komanwel Poland–Lithuania
Komonwelt han Polonya-Lituania
Liên bang Ba Lan và Lietuva
m.01ycx0
Persemakmuran Polandia-Lituania
Poalsk-Litouske Mienebest
Pölen
Polen-Litauen
Polen-Litauen
Polen-Litauen
Polijas—Lietuvas ūnija
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Poljsko-Litavska Unija
Poljsko-Litvanska Unija
Polonia, Medan Polonia, Medan
Polonia, Medan Polonia, Medan
Polonia (luuk)
Polonia-Lituania
Polonya-Litvanya Birliği
Polsk-litauiska samväldet
Pólsk-litháíska samveldið
Pólsko-Litawska
Polsko-litevská unie (1569–1795)
Pools-Litause Gemenebes
Pools-Litouwse Gemenebest
Puola-Liettua
Q172107
Q19731014
Q28745784
Q31999049
Q7208888
Rech Pospolita
Reç Pospolita
Reç Pospolita
Republica d'as Dos Nacions
República das Dúas Nacións
República das Duas Nações
Republica de las Doas Nacions
República de las Dos Naciones
República de les Dos Naciones
Republik an Div Vroad
Republika obeh narodov
Republika oboch národov
République des Deux Nations
Res Publica Utriusque Nationis
Respubliko de Ambaŭ Nacioj
Rzeczpospolita
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów
Uniunea statală polono-lituaniană
Y Gymanwlad Bwylaidd–Lithwanaidd
Πολωνική-Λιθουανική Κοινοπολιτεία
Државна заједница Пољске и Литваније
Жечпосполита
Полско-литванска Државна Заедница
Речь Посполитæ
Речь Посполитая
Речь Посполитая
Речь посполита
Рэч Паспалітая
Річ Посполита
Ռեչ Պոսպոլիտա
האיחוד הפולני-ליטאי
الكومنولث البولندي الليتواني
لهستون-لیتوانی مشترک‌المنافع
لهیستان-لیتوانی بیرلیگی
مشترک‌المنافع لهستان–لیتوانی
پولینڈ-لتھوانیا دولت مشترکہ
پولینڈ-لتھوانیا دولت مشترکہ
पोलिश-लिथुएनियन राष्ट्रकुल
போலந்து-லித்துவேனியா பொதுநலவாயம்
เครือจักรภพโปแลนด์–ลิทัวเนีย
პოლონეთ-ლიტვის თანამეგობრობა
ポーランド・リトアニア共和国
波蘭立陶宛聯邦
폴란드-리투아니아
SeeAlso
Offices
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
StatArea
1000000
815000
StatPop
en~8,000,000
StatYear
1582
1618
Subject
Category:1569 establishments in Poland
Category:16th century in Lithuania
Category:16th century in Poland
Category:16th century in Ukraine
Category:1795 disestablishments in Poland
Category:17th century in Lithuania
Category:17th century in Poland
Category:17th century in Ukraine
Category:18th century in Lithuania
Category:18th century in Poland
Category:18th century in Ukraine
Category:Christian states
Category:Diarchies
Category:Duchy of Livonia
Category:Early Modern history of Belarus
Category:Early Modern history of Lithuania
Category:Early Modern history of Poland
Category:Early Modern history of Ukraine
Category:Former countries in Europe
Category:Former monarchies of Europe
Category:Former republics
Category:Former state unions
Category:History of Lithuania (1569–1795)
Category:History of Transnistria
Category:Lithuania–Poland relations
Category:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Category:Political history of Lithuania
Category:Political history of Poland
Category:Political history of Ukraine
Category:States and territories disestablished in 1795
Category:States and territories established in 1569
SymbolType
enRoyal Coat of arms
SymbolTypeArticle
enCoat of arms of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Thumbnail
Kingdom of Poland-flag.svg?width=300
TitleLeader
List of Lithuanian monarchs
List of Polish monarchs
TotalWidth
260
320
UpperHouse
Senate of Poland
Url
https://web.archive.org/web/20110624022527/http:/www.commonwealth.pl/
https://web.archive.org/web/20210417044200/http:/rzecz-pospolita.com/
WasDerivedFrom
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth?oldid=1124440137&ns=0
Width
122
130
134
218
WikiPageInterLanguageLink
Kenunaniezh Pologn ha Lituania
WikiPageLength
185070
Wikipage page ID
343234
Wikipage revision ID
1124440137
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Template:History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
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Template:Interlanguage link
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Template:Sfn
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Template:Ukraine topics
Template:Use dmy dates
Template:Webarchive
YearEnd
1795
YearLeader
1569
1764
YearStart
1569