activity

An activity period, defining when an artist was musically active.

• Class

activity

Relates an artist to an activity period

• ObjectProperty

activity end

Relates an artist to a date at which its activity ended

• DatatypeProperty

activity start

Relates an artist to a date at which its activity started

• DatatypeProperty

album

One or more track issued together. This is a type of MusicalManifestation defined by the musical industry.

• Release type

amazon_asin

Used to link a work or the expression of a work to its corresponding Amazon ASINs page.

• ObjectProperty

analogue signal

An analog signal.

• Class

arranged in

Associates a work to an arrangement event where it was arranged

• ObjectProperty

arrangement

An arrangement event. Takes as agent the arranger, and produces a score (informational object, not the actually published score).

• Class

arrangement of

Associates an arrangement event to a work

• ObjectProperty

arranger

• Class

artist

Relates a membership event with the corresponding artist

• ObjectProperty

audio book

Book read by a narrator without music. This is a type of MusicalManifestation defined by the musical industry.

• Release type

audio file

An audio file, which may be available on a local file system or through http, ftp, etc.

• Class

available as

Relates a musical manifestation to a musical item (this album, and my particular cd). By using this property, there is no assumption on wether the full content is available on the linked item. To be explicit about this, you can use a sub-property, such as mo:item (the full manifestation is available on that item) or mo:preview (only a part of the manifestation is available on that item). This is a subproperty of frbr:examplar.

• ObjectProperty

availableAs

• ObjectProperty

biography

Used to link an artist to their online biography.

• ObjectProperty

bitsPerSample

Associates a digital signal to the number a bits used to encode one sample. Range is xsd:int.

• DatatypeProperty
• FunctionalProperty

bootleg

An unofficial/underground musical work or the expression of a musical work that was not sanctioned by the artist and/or the corporate body.

• release status

bpm

Indicates the BPM of a MusicalWork or a particular Performance Beats per minute: the pace of music measured by the number of beats occurring in 60 seconds.

• DatatypeProperty

CD

Compact Disc used as medium to record a musical manifestation.

• Class

catalogue number

Links a release with the corresponding catalogue number

• DatatypeProperty

channels

Associates a signal to the number of channels it holds (mono --> 1, stereo --> 2). Range is xsd:int.

• DatatypeProperty
• FunctionalProperty

collaborated_with

Used to relate two collaborating people on a work.

• ObjectProperty
• SymmetricProperty

compilation

Collection of previously released manifestations of a musical expression by one or more artists. This is a type of MusicalManifestation defined by the musical industry.

• Release type

compilation_of

Indicates that a musical manifestation is a compilation of several Signals.

• ObjectProperty

compiled

Used to relate an person or a group of person who compiled the manifestation of a musical work.

• ObjectProperty

compiler

Used to relate the manifestation of a musical work to a person or a group of person who compiled it.

• ObjectProperty

composed in

Associates a MusicalWork to the Composition event pertaining to its creation. For example, I might use this property to associate the Magic Flute to its composition event, occuring during 1782 and having as a mo:composer Mozart.

• ObjectProperty

composer

• Class

composer

Associates a composition event to the actual composer. For example, this property could link the event corresponding to the composition of the Magic Flute in 1782 to Mozart himself (who obviously has a FOAF profile:-) ).

• ObjectProperty

composition

A composition event. Takes as agent the composer himself. It produces a MusicalWork, or a MusicalExpression (when the initial "product" is a score, for example), or both...

• Class

conducted

Relates agents to the performances they were conducting

• ObjectProperty

conductor

• Class

conductor

Relates a performance to the conductor involved

• ObjectProperty

contains_sample_from

Relates a signal to another signal, which has been sampled.

• ObjectProperty

corporate body

Organization or group of individuals and/or other organizations involved in the music market.

• Class

DAT

Digital Audio Tape used as medium to record a musical manifestation.

• Class

DCC

Digital Compact Cassette used as medium to record a musical manifestation.

• Class

DVDA

DVD-Audio used as medium to record a musical manifestation.

• Class

derived from

A related signal from which the described signal is derived.

• ObjectProperty

digital signal

A digital signal

• Class

discography

Used to links an artist to an online discography of their musical works. The discography should provide a summary of each released musical work of the artist.

• ObjectProperty

discogs

Used to link a musical work or the expression of a musical work, an artist or a corporate body to to its corresponding Discogs page.

• ObjectProperty

djmix_of

Indicates that all (or most of) the tracks of a musical work or the expression of a musical work were mixed together from all (or most of) the tracks from another musical work or the expression of a musical work to form a so called DJ-Mix. The tracks might have been altered by pitching (so that the tempo of one track matches the tempo of the following track) and fading (so that one track blends in smoothly with the other). If the tracks have been more substantially altered, the "mo:remix" relationship type is more appropriate.

• ObjectProperty

djmixed

Used to relate an artist who djmixed a musical work or the expression of a musical work. The artist usually selected the tracks, chose their sequence, and slightly changed them by fading (so that one track blends in smoothly with the other) or pitching (so that the tempo of one track matches the tempo of the following track). This applies to a 'Mixtape' in which all tracks were DJ-mixed together into one single long track.

• ObjectProperty

djmixed_by

Used to relate a work or the expression of a work to an artist who djmixed it. The artist usually selected the tracks, chose their sequence, and slightly changed them by fading (so that one track blends in smoothly with the other) or pitching (so that the tempo of one track matches the tempo of the following track). This applies to a 'Mixtape' in which all tracks were DJ-mixed together into one single long track.

• ObjectProperty

download

This property can be used to link from a person to the website where they make their works available, or from a manifestation (a track or an album, for example) to a web page where it is available for download. It is better to use one of the three sub-properties instead of this one in order to specify wether the content can be accessed for free (mo:freedownload), if it is just free preview material (mo:previewdownload), or if it can be accessed for some money (mo:paiddownload) (this includes links to the Amazon store, for example). This property MUST be used only if the content is just available through a web page (holding, for example a Flash application) - it is better to link to actual content directly through the use of mo:available_as and mo:Stream, mo:Torrent or mo:ED2K, etc. Therefore, Semantic Web user agents that don't know how to read HTML and even less to rip streams from Flash applications can still access the audio content.

• ObjectProperty

duration

The duration of a track or a signal in ms

• DatatypeProperty

ED2K

Something available on the E-Donkey peer-2-peer filesharing network

• Class

ean

The European Article Number (EAN) is a universal identifier for products, commonly printed in form of barcodes on them. The numbers represented by those codes can either be 8 or 13 digits long, with the 13-digit-version being most common. EANs form a superset of the North American Universal Product Code (UPC) as every UPC can be made an EAN by adding a leading zero to it. Additionally every EAN is also a Japanese Article Number (JAN). The identifiers were formerly assigned by EAN International which merged with Uniform Code Council (UCC, the guys behind the UPCs) and Electronic Commerce Council of Canada (ECCC) to become GS1.

• DatatypeProperty

encodes

Relates a MusicalItem (a track on a particular CD, an audio file, a stream somewhere) to the signal it encodes. This is usually a lower-resolution version of the master signal (issued from a Recording event).

• ObjectProperty

encoding

Method used to convert analog electronic signals into digital format such as "MP3 CBR @ 128kbps", "OGG @ 160kbps", "FLAC", etc.

• DatatypeProperty

engineer

Relates a performance or a recording to the engineer involved

• ObjectProperty

engineered

Relates agents to the performances/recordings they were engineering in

• ObjectProperty

ep

An EP

• Release type

event homepage

Links a particular event to a web page

• ObjectProperty

eventHomePage

• ObjectProperty

exchange_item

A person, a group of person or an organization exchanging an exemplar of a single manifestation.

• ObjectProperty

fanpage

Used to link an artist to a fan-created webpage devoted to that artist.

• ObjectProperty

Festival

A festival - musical/artistic event lasting several days, like Glastonbury, Rock Am Ring... We migth decompose this event (which is in fact just a classification of the space/time region related to a particular festival) using hasSubEvent in several performances at different space/time.

• Class

free download

This property can be used to link from a person to the website where they make their works available, or from a manifestation (a track or an album, for example) to a web page where it is available for free download. This property MUST be used only if the content is just available through a web page (holding, for example a Flash application) - it is better to link to actual content directly through the use of mo:available_as and mo:Stream, mo:Torrent or mo:ED2K, etc. Therefore, Semantic Web user agents that don't know how to read HTML and even less to rip streams from Flash applications can still access the audio content.

• ObjectProperty

freedownload

• ObjectProperty

Frédérick Giasson

GRid

The Global Release Identifier (GRid) is a system for uniquely identifying Releases of music over electronic networks (that is, online stores where you can buy music as digital files). As that it can be seen as the equivalent of the BarCode (or more correctly the GTIN) as found on physical releases of music. Like the ISRC (a code for identifying single recordings as found on releases) it was developed by the IFPI but it does not appear to be a standard of the ISO.

• DatatypeProperty

Genre

An expressive style of music. Any taxonomy can be plug-in here. You can either define a genre by yourself, like this: :mygenre a mo:Genre; dc:title "electro rock". Or you can refer to a DBPedia genre (such as http://dbpedia.org/resource/Baroque_music), allowing semantic web clients to access easily really detailed structured information about the genre you are refering to.

• Class

genre

Associates an event (like a performance or a recording) to a particular musical genre. Further version of this property may also include works and scores in the domain.

• ObjectProperty

group

Relates a membership event with the corresponding group

• ObjectProperty

gtin

GTIN is a grouping term for EANs and UPCs. In common speech those are called barcodes although the barcodes are just a representation of those identifying numbers.

• DatatypeProperty

has interpeter

Adds an involved music artist, who interpreted, remixed, or otherwise modified an existing signal, which resulted in the signal that is here the subject of this relation.

• ObjectProperty

has media type

The mediatype (file format or MIME type, or physical medium) of a musical manifestation, e.g. a MP3, CD or vinyl.

• ObjectProperty

has record number

Indicates the position of a record in a release (e.g. a 2xLP, etc.).

• DatatypeProperty

has record side

Associates the side on a vinyl record, where a track is located, e.g. A, B, C, etc. This property can then also be used in conjunction with mo:track_number, so that one can infer e.g. "A1", that means, track number 1 on side A.

• DatatypeProperty

has track

• ObjectProperty

has_movement

Indicates that a musical work has movements

• ObjectProperty

headliner

Relates a performance to the headliner(s) involved

• ObjectProperty

homepage

Links an artist, a record, etc. to a corresponding web page

• ObjectProperty

image

Indicates a pictorial image (JPEG, GIF, PNG, Etc.) of a musical work, the expression of a musical work, the manifestation of a work or the examplar of a manifestation.

• ObjectProperty

imdb

Used to link an artist, a musical work or the expression of a musical work to their equivalent page on IMDb, the InternetMovieDatabase.

• ObjectProperty

Instrument

Any of various devices or contrivances that can be used to produce musical tones or sound. Any taxonomy can be used to subsume this concept. The default one is one extracted by Ivan Herman from the Musicbrainz instrument taxonomy, conforming to SKOS. This concept holds a seeAlso link towards this taxonomy.

• Class

instrument

Relates a performance to a musical instrument involved

• ObjectProperty

instrumentation

Instrumentation deals with the techniques of writing music for a specific instrument, including the limitations of the instrument, playing techniques and idiomatic handling of the instrument.

• Class

interview

Recording of the questioning of a person. This is a type of MusicalManifestation defined by the musical industry.

• Release type

ipi

The Interested Parties Information Code (IPI) is an ISO standard similar to ISBNs for identifying the people or groups with some involvement with a particular musical work / compositions.

• DatatypeProperty

ismn

The International Standard Music Number (ISMN) is an ISO standard similar to ISBNs for identifying printed music publications

• DatatypeProperty

isrc

The ISRC (International Standard Recording Code) is the international identification system for sound recordings and music videorecordings. Each ISRC is a unique and permanent identifier for a specific recording which can be permanently encoded into a product as its digital fingerprint. Encoded ISRC provide the means to automatically identify recordings for royalty payments.

• DatatypeProperty

iswc

Links a musical work to the corresponding ISWC number

• DatatypeProperty

item

Relates a musical manifestation to a musical item (this album, and my particular cd) holding the entire manifestation, and not just a part of it.

• ObjectProperty

key

Indicated the key used by the musicians during a performance, or the key of a MusicalWork. Any of 24 major or minor diatonic scales that provide the tonal framework for a piece of music.

• ObjectProperty

Kurt Jacobson

label

Trade name of a company that produces musical works or expression of musical works.

• Class

label

Associates a release event with the label releasing the record

• ObjectProperty

lc

The Label Code (LC) was introduced in 1977 by the IFPI (International Federation of Phonogram and Videogram Industries) in order to unmistakably identify the different record labels (see Introduction, Record labels) for rights purposes. The Label Code consists historically of 4 figures, presently being extended to 5 figures, preceded by LC and a dash (e.g. LC-0193 = Electrola; LC-0233 = His Master's Voice). Note that the number of countries using the LC is limited, and that the code given on the item is not always accurate.

• DatatypeProperty

level

This annotation property associates to a particular Music Ontology term the corresponding expressiveness level. These levels can be: - 1: Only editorial/Musicbrainz type information - 2: Workflow information - 3: Even decomposition This property is mainly used for specification generation.

• AnnotationProperty

libretto

Libretto

• Class

licence

Used to link a work or the expression of a work to the license under which they can be manipulated (downloaded, modified, etc). This is usually used to link to a Creative Commons licence.

• ObjectProperty

listened

• Class

listened

Relates agents to the performances they were listening in

• ObjectProperty

listener

Relates a performance to the listener involved

• ObjectProperty

live

A musical manifestation that was recorded live. This is a type of MusicalManifestation defined by the musical industry.

• Release type

lyrics

Lyrics

• Class

lyrics

Associates lyrics with a musical work

• ObjectProperty

MD

Mini Disc used as medium to record a musical manifestation.

• Class

MagneticTape

Magnetic analogue tape used as medium to record a musical manifestation.

• Class

mailorder

Used to link a musical work or the expression of a musical work to a website where people can buy a copy of the musical manifestation.

• ObjectProperty

mashup_of

Indicates that musical works or the expressions of a musical work were mashed up on this album or track. This means that two musical works or the expressions of a musical work by different artists are mixed together, over each other, or otherwise combined into a single musical work (usually by a third artist, the remixer).

• ObjectProperty

Medium

A means or instrumentality for storing or communicating musical manifestation.

• Class

medley_of

Indicates that a musical expression is a medley of several other musical expressions. This means that the orignial musical expression were rearranged to create a new musical expression in the form of a medley.

• ObjectProperty

member

Indicates a member of a musical group

• ObjectProperty

member_of

Inverse of the foaf:member property

• ObjectProperty

membership

A membership event, where one or several people belongs to a group during a particular time period.

• Class

membership

Relates an agent with related membership events

• ObjectProperty

meter

Associates a musical work or a score with its meter

• DatatypeProperty

movement

A movement is a self-contained part of a musical work. While individual or selected movements from a composition are sometimes performed separately, a performance of the complete work requires all the movements to be performed in succession. Often a composer attempts to interrelate the movements thematically, or sometimes in more subtle ways, in order that the individual movements exert a cumulative effect. In some forms, composers sometimes link the movements, or ask for them to be played without a pause between them.

• Class

movement number

Indicates the position of a movement in a musical work.

• DatatypeProperty

movementNum

• DatatypeProperty

music artist

A person or a group of people (or a computer :-) ), whose musical creative work shows sensitivity and imagination

• Class

music group

Group of musicians, or musical ensemble, usually popular or folk, playing parts of or improvising off of a musical arrangement.

• Class

musical expression

The intellectual or artistic realization of a work in the form of alpha-numeric, musical, or choreographic notation, sound, etc., or any combination of such forms. For example: Work #1 Franz Schubert's Trout quintet * Expression #1 the composer's score * Expression #2 sound issued from the performance by the Amadeus Quartet and Hephzibah Menuhin on piano * Expression #3 sound issued from the performance by the Cleveland Quartet and Yo-Yo Ma on the cello * . . . . The Music Ontology defines the following sub-concepts of a MusicalExpression, which should be used instead of MusicalExpression itself: Score (the result of an arrangement), Sound (produced during a performance), Signal. However, it is possible to stick to FRBR and bypass the worflow mechanism this ontology defines by using the core FRBR properties on such objects. But it is often better to use events to interconnect such expressions (allowing to go deeply into the production process - `this performer was playing this particular instrument at that particular time').

• Class

musical manifestation

This entity is related to the edition/production/publication of a musical expression (musical manifestation are closely related with the music industry (their terms, concepts, definitions, methods (production, publication, etc.), etc.) From the FRBR final report: The entity defined as manifestation encompasses a wide range of materials, including manuscripts, books, periodicals, maps, posters, sound recordings, films, video recordings, CD-ROMs, multimedia kits, etc. As an entity, manifestation represents all the physical objects that bear the same characteristics, in respect to both intellectual content and physical form. Work #1 J. S. Bach's Six suites for unaccompanied cello * Expression #1 sound issued during the performance by Janos Starker recorded in 1963 and 1965 o Manifestation #1 recordings released on 33 1/3 rpm sound discs in 1965 by Mercury o Manifestation #2 recordings re-released on compact disc in 1991 by Mercury * Expression #2 sound issued during the performances by Yo-Yo Ma recorded in 1983 o Manifestation #1 recordings released on 33 1/3 rpm sound discs in 1983 by CBS Records o Manifestation #2 recordings re-released on compact disc in 1992 by CBS Records Changes that occur deliberately or even inadvertently in the production process that affect the copies result, strictly speaking, in a new manifestation. A manifestation resulting from such a change may be identified as a particular "state" or "issue" of the publication. Changes that occur to an individual copy after the production process is complete (e.g., the loss of a page, rebinding, etc.) are not considered to result in a new manifestation. That copy is simply considered to be an exemplar (or item) of the manifestation that deviates from the copy as produced. With the entity defined as manifestation we can describe the physical characteristics of a set of items and the characteristics associated with the production and distribution of that set of items that may be important factors in enabling users to choose a manifestation appropriate to their physical needs and constraints, and to identify and acquire a copy of that manifestation. Defining manifestation as an entity also enables us to draw relationships between specific manifestations of a work. We can use the relationships between manifestations to identify, for example, the specific publication that was used to create a microreproduction.

• Class

musical work

Distinct intellectual or artistic musical creation. From the FRBR final report: A work is an abstract entity; there is no single material object one can point to as the work. We recognize the work through individual realizations or expressions of the work, but the work itself exists only in the commonality of content between and among the various expressions of the work. When we speak of Homer's Iliad as a work, our point of reference is not a particular recitation or text of the work, but the intellectual creation that lies behind all the various expressions of the work. For example: work #1 J. S. Bach's The art of the fugue

• Class

MusicalItem

A single exemplar of a musical expression. For example, it could be a single exemplar of a CD. This is normally an single object (a CD) possessed by somebody. From the FRBR final report: The entity defined as item is a concrete entity. It is in many instances a single physical object (e.g., a copy of a one-volume monograph, a single audio cassette, etc.). There are instances, however, where the entity defined as item comprises more than one physical object (e.g., a monograph issued as two separately bound volumes, a recording issued on three separate compact discs, etc.). In terms of intellectual content and physical form, an item exemplifying a manifestation is normally the same as the manifestation itself. However, variations may occur from one item to another, even when the items exemplify the same manifestation, where those variations are the result of actions external to the intent of the producer of the manifestation (e.g., damage occurring after the item was produced, binding performed by a library, etc.).

• Class

musicbrainz

Linking an agent, a track or a record to its corresponding Musicbrainz page.

• ObjectProperty

Musicbrainz GUID

Links an object to the corresponding Musicbrainz identifier

• DatatypeProperty

musicmoz

Used to link an artist, a musical work or the expression of a musical work to its corresponding MusicMoz page.

• ObjectProperty

myspace

Used to link a person to its corresponding MySpace page.

• ObjectProperty

official

Any musical work or the expression of a musical work officially sanctioned by the artist and/or their corporate body.

• release status

olga

Used to link a track to a tabulature file for track in the On-Line Guitar Archive.

• ObjectProperty

onlinecommunity

Used to link a person with an online community web page like a blog, a wiki, a forum, a livejournal page, Etc.

• ObjectProperty

opus

Used to define a creative work, especially a musical composition numbered to designate the order of a composer's works.

• DatatypeProperty

orchestration

Orchestration includes, in addition to instrumentation, the handling of groups of instruments and their balance and interaction.

• Class

origin

Relates an artist to its geographic origin

• ObjectProperty

other_release_of

Indicates that two musical manifestations are essentially the same.

• ObjectProperty
• SymmetricProperty

paid download

Provide a link from an artist to a web page where all of that artist's musical work is available for some money, or a link from a manifestation (record/track, for example) to a web page providing a paid access to this manifestation.

• ObjectProperty

paiddownload

• ObjectProperty

performance

A performance event. It might include as agents performers, engineers, conductors, or even listeners. It might include as factors a score, a MusicalWork, musical instruments. It might produce a sound:-)

• Class

performance of

Associates a Performance to a musical work or an arrangement that is being used as a factor in it. For example, I might use this property to attach the Magic Flute musical work to a particular Performance.

• ObjectProperty

performed

Relates agents to the performances they were performing in

• ObjectProperty

performed in

Associates a Musical Work or an Score to Performances in which they were a factor. For example, I might use this property in order to associate the Magic Flute to a particular performance at the Opera Bastille last year.

• ObjectProperty

performer

• Class

performer

Relates a performance to the performers involved

• ObjectProperty

possess_item

A person, a group of person or an organization possessing an exemplar of a single manifestation.

• ObjectProperty

preview

Relates a musical manifestation to a musical item (this album, and my particular cd), which holds a preview of the manifestation (eg. one track for an album, or a snippet for a track)

• ObjectProperty

preview download

This property can be used to link from a person to the website where they make previews of their works available, or from a manifestation (a track or an album, for example) to a web page where a preview download is available. This property MUST be used only if the content is just available through a web page (holding, for example a Flash application) - it is better to link to actual content directly through the use of mo:available_as and mo:Stream, mo:Torrent or mo:ED2K, etc. Therefore, Semantic Web user agents that don't know how to read HTML and even less to rip streams from Flash applications can still access the audio content.

• ObjectProperty

primary instrument

Indicates that an artist primarily plays an instrument, or that a member was primarily playing a particular instrument during his membership

• ObjectProperty

produced

Used to relate an person or a group of person who produced the manifestation of a work.

• ObjectProperty

produced score

Associates an arrangement or a composition event to a score product (score here does not refer to a published score, but more an abstract arrangement of a particular work).

• ObjectProperty

produced signal

Associates a Recording to the outputted signal.

• ObjectProperty

produced signal group

Associates a recording session with a group of master signals produced by it.

• ObjectProperty