Pentarchy
Pentarchy (from the Greek Πενταρχία, Pentarchía, from πέντε pénte, "five", and ἄρχειν archein, "to rule") is a model of Church organization formulated in the laws of Emperor Justinian I (527–565) of the Roman Empire. In this model, the Christian church is governed by the heads (patriarchs) of the five major episcopal sees of the Roman Empire: Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem.
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- enPentarchy (from the Greek Πενταρχία, Pentarchía, from πέντε pénte, "five", and ἄρχειν archein, "to rule") is a model of Church organization formulated in the laws of Emperor Justinian I (527–565) of the Roman Empire. In this model, the Christian church is governed by the heads (patriarchs) of the five major episcopal sees of the Roman Empire: Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem.
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- Pantachy
- Pantarchy
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- enPentarchy (from the Greek Πενταρχία, Pentarchía, from πέντε pénte, "five", and ἄρχειν archein, "to rule") is a model of Church organization formulated in the laws of Emperor Justinian I (527–565) of the Roman Empire. In this model, the Christian church is governed by the heads (patriarchs) of the five major episcopal sees of the Roman Empire: Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem. The idea came about because of the political and ecclesiastical prominence of these five sees, but the concept of their universal and exclusive authority was attached to earlier Hellenistic-Christian ideas of administration. The pentarchy was first legally expressed in the legislation of Emperor Justinian I, particularly in Novella 131. The Quinisext Council of 692 gave it formal recognition and ranked the sees in order of preeminence, but its organization remained dependent on the emperor, as when Leo the Isaurian altered the boundary of patriarchal jurisdiction between Rome and Constantinople. Especially following Quinisext, the pentarchy was at least philosophically accepted in Eastern Orthodoxy, but generally not in the West, which rejected the Council, and the concept of the pentarchy. The greater authority of these sees in relation to others was tied to their political and ecclesiastical prominence; all were located in important cities and regions of the Roman Empire and were important centers of the Christian Church. Rome, Alexandria and Antioch were prominent from the time of early Christianity, while Constantinople came to the fore upon becoming the imperial residence in the 4th century. Thereafter it was consistently ranked just after Rome. Jerusalem received a ceremonial place due to the city's importance in the early days of Christianity. Justinian and the Quinisext Council excluded from their pentarchical arrangement churches outside the empire, such as the then-flourishing Church of the East in Sassanid Persia, which they saw as heretical. Within the empire they recognized only the Chalcedonian (or Melkite) incumbents, regarding as illegitimate the non-Chalcedonian claimants of Alexandria and Antioch. Infighting among the sees, and particularly the rivalry between Rome (which considered itself preeminent over all the church) and Constantinople (which came to hold sway over the other Eastern sees and which saw itself as equal to Rome, with Rome "first among equals"), prevented the pentarchy from ever becoming a functioning administrative reality. The Islamic conquests of Alexandria, Jerusalem, and Antioch in the 7th century left Constantinople the only practical authority in the East, and afterward the concept of a "pentarchy" retained little more than symbolic significance. Tensions between East and West, which culminated in the East–West Schism, and the rise of powerful, largely independent metropolitan sees and patriarchates outside the Byzantine Empire in Bulgaria, Serbia, and Russia, eroded the importance of the old imperial sees. Today, only the sees of Rome and of Constantinople still hold authority over an entire major Christian church, the first being the head of the Catholic Church and the second having symbolic hegemony over the Eastern Orthodox Church.
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- www.newadvent.org/cathen/11549a.htm
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- www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/english/milton1_21.html
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- Aelia Capitolina
- Alexandria
- Anastasius Bibliothecarius
- Ancient Greek
- Antioch
- Apostolic Age
- Arabia
- Armenia
- Armenian Apostolic Church
- Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem
- Arsuz
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- Bartholomew I of Constantinople
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- Bishop of Edessa
- Bulgarian Orthodox Church
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- Catholic Church
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- Eastern Orthodoxy
- East-West Schism
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- Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
- Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
- Egypt
- Ephesus
- Episcopal see
- File:1800 Wilkinson Map of the 4 Eastern Churches rectified.jpg
- File:Bulgaria-ZarSimeón.svg
- File:Pentarchy 565 CE.png
- File:Pentarchy year 1000.jpg
- First among equals
- First Bulgarian Empire
- First Council of Constantinople
- First Council of Ephesus
- First Council of Nicaea
- Fourth Council of Constantinople (Catholic)
- Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church
- Georgian Orthodox Church
- Greek Orthodox Church
- Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria
- Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch
- Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem
- Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem
- Heraclas of Alexandria
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- Ibrahim Isaac Sidrak
- Iconoclasm (Byzantine)
- Ignatius Aphrem II
- Ignatius Joseph III Yonan
- Ignatius of Antioch
- Islamic conquests
- Jerusalem in Christianity
- John H. Erickson
- John Philoponus
- Joseph Absi
- Justinian I
- Justinian II
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- Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria
- Latin Patriarchate of Antioch
- Latin patriarchate of Constantinople
- Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem
- Leo III the Isaurian
- Leo the Isaurian
- Libya
- Limits of the Five Patriarchates
- List of Greek Orthodox Patriarchs of Alexandria
- List of Greek Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch
- Mark the Evangelist
- Maronite Church
- Melkite
- Melkite Greek Catholic Church
- Mesopotamia
- Metropolitan bishop
- Monophysitism
- Muslim conquests
- Non-Chalcedonian
- Nourhan Manougian
- Novellae Constitutiones
- Oriental Orthodoxy
- Orthodox Church of Constantinople
- Palestine (region)
- Patriarch
- Patriarchate
- Patriarchate of Lisbon
- Patriarchate of the East Indies
- Patriarchate of the West Indies
- Patriarchate of Venice
- Patriarch Callistus I of Constantinople
- Patriarch John X of Antioch
- Patriarch of Alexandria
- Patriarch of Antioch
- Patriarch Philotheus I of Constantinople
- Patriarch Theodore II of Alexandria
- Patriarch Theophilos III of Jerusalem
- Pentapolis (North Africa)
- Perinthus
- Persia
- Photios I of Constantinople
- Pierbattista Pizzaballa
- Pontus (region)
- Pope
- Pope Clement I
- Pope Francis
- Pope Gregory III
- Pope Hadrian II
- Pope Leo I
- Pope Nicholas I
- Pope Tawadros II of Alexandria
- Pope Victor I
- Preslav
- Primacy of Simon Peter
- Primacy of the Bishop of Rome
- Primate (bishop)
- Primus inter pares
- Quartodecimanism
- Quinisext Council
- Rashidun Caliphate
- Roman Catholic Church
- Roman Empire
- Romanian Orthodox Church
- Roman province
- Rome
- Russia
- Russian Orthodox Church
- Sahak II Mashalian
- Saint Peter
- Sassanid Empire
- Serapion of Antioch
- Serbia
- Serbian Orthodox Church
- Suffragan bishop
- Syria
- Syriac Catholic Church
- Syriac Orthodox Church
- Syria Palaestina
- The Great Schism
- Theodosius I
- Third Council of Constantinople
- Thrace
- Western Christianity
- SameAs
- 28xsX
- m.03h1x
- m.06nvwz
- Pentarchia
- Pentarchia
- Pentarchia
- Pentarchia (kereszténység)
- Pentarchie
- Pentarchie (Frühchristentum)
- Pentarchy
- Pentarhija
- Pentarki
- Pentarki
- Pentarquia
- Pentarquia
- Pentarquía
- Pentarşi
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- Q226106
- Пентархия (христианство)
- Пентархия (християнство)
- Пентархија
- Пентархија
- Пентархія (християнство)
- פנטארכיה
- البطريركيات الخمس
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