Inference
Inferences are steps in reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences; etymologically, the word infer means to "carry forward". Inference is theoretically traditionally divided into deduction and induction, a distinction that in Europe dates at least to Aristotle (300s BCE). Deduction is inference deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true, with the laws of valid inference being studied in logic. Induction is inference from particular evidence to a universal conclusion. A third type of inference is sometimes distinguished, notably by Charles Sanders Peirce, contradistinguishing abduction from induction.
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- enInferences are steps in reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences; etymologically, the word infer means to "carry forward". Inference is theoretically traditionally divided into deduction and induction, a distinction that in Europe dates at least to Aristotle (300s BCE). Deduction is inference deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true, with the laws of valid inference being studied in logic. Induction is inference from particular evidence to a universal conclusion. A third type of inference is sometimes distinguished, notably by Charles Sanders Peirce, contradistinguishing abduction from induction.
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- enAugust 2013
- Has abstract
- enInferences are steps in reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences; etymologically, the word infer means to "carry forward". Inference is theoretically traditionally divided into deduction and induction, a distinction that in Europe dates at least to Aristotle (300s BCE). Deduction is inference deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true, with the laws of valid inference being studied in logic. Induction is inference from particular evidence to a universal conclusion. A third type of inference is sometimes distinguished, notably by Charles Sanders Peirce, contradistinguishing abduction from induction. Various fields study how inference is done in practice. Human inference (i.e. how humans draw conclusions) is traditionally studied within the fields of logic, argumentation studies, and cognitive psychology; artificial intelligence researchers develop automated inference systems to emulate human inference. Statistical inference uses mathematics to draw conclusions in the presence of uncertainty. This generalizes deterministic reasoning, with the absence of uncertainty as a special case. Statistical inference uses quantitative or qualitative (categorical) data which may be subject to random variations.
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- Inference
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- enInference
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- users.uoa.gr/~psillos/PapersI/11-Peirce-Abduction.pdf
- mentalmodels.princeton.edu/papers/1994probabilistic.pdf%7C
- mentalmodels.princeton.edu/papers/2002imagery.pdf%7C
- mentalmodels.princeton.edu/papers/2007preferredmodels.pdf%7C
- mentalmodels.princeton.edu/papers/2008disjillusions.pdf
- psych.princeton.edu/psychology/research/johnson_laird/pdfs/2009%20Understanding%20cumulative%20risk.pdf
- web.archive.org/web/20150518073242/http:/psych.princeton.edu/psychology/research/johnson_laird/pdfs/2009%20Understanding%20cumulative%20risk.pdf
- psych.princeton.edu/psychology/research/johnson_laird/pdfs/2009ifandtheproblemof.pdf%7C
- web.archive.org/web/20140407061602/https:/psych.princeton.edu/psychology/research/johnson_laird/pdfs/2009ifandtheproblemof.pdf%7C
- www.researchgate.net/publication/228906574%7C
- www-personal.umich.edu/~yinw/papers/Angluin80.pdf%7C
- users.dsic.upv.es/asignaturas/facultad/apr/AngluinSmith83.pdf%7C
- www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/mackay/itila/book.html
- books.google.com/books%3Fid=i97_LdPXwrAC%7Cisbn=9780674290716
- books.google.com/books%3Fid=Qfe0SEazn3oC%7C
- titles.cambridge.org/catalogue.asp%3Fisbn=0521592712
- web.archive.org/web/20041011085524/http:/titles.cambridge.org/catalogue.asp%3Fisbn=0521592712
- philosophyterms.com/inference/
- journal.sjdm.org/jdm8105.pdf
- www.uni-giessen.de/cms/fbz/fb06/psychologie/abt/kognition/dateien/kfrjl_JOCN.pdf
- web.archive.org/web/20150518094338/http:/www.uni-giessen.de/cms/fbz/fb06/psychologie/abt/kognition/dateien/kfrjl_JOCN.pdf
- nbu.bg/cogs/events/2002/materials/Markus/mental_models.pdf
- archive.org/details/understandingpro0000tijm
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- Abductive reasoning
- Analogy
- Ancient Greek philosophy
- A priori and a posteriori
- Aristotle
- Artificial intelligence
- Automated theorem proving
- Axiom
- Axiom system
- Backward chaining
- Bayes' theorem
- Bayesian decision theory
- Bayesian inference
- Business rule engine
- Categorical data
- Category:Concepts in epistemology
- Category:Concepts in logic
- Category:Concepts in metaphilosophy
- Category:Concepts in metaphysics
- Category:Concepts in the philosophy of mind
- Category:History of logic
- Category:Inference
- Category:Intellectual history
- Category:Logic
- Category:Logical consequence
- Category:Logic and statistics
- Category:Metaphysics of mind
- Category:Reasoning
- Category:Sources of knowledge
- Category:Thought
- Charles Sanders Peirce
- Closed world assumption
- Cognitive bias
- Cognitive psychology
- Command economy
- Deductive reasoning
- Description logic
- E. T. Jaynes
- Entailment
- Epilogism
- Expert system
- Fallacy
- Formal proof
- Immediate inference
- Inductive reasoning
- Inferential programming
- Informal logic
- Inquiry
- Knowledge base
- List of rules of inference
- Logic
- Logical assertion
- Logical consequence
- Logical graph
- Logic of information
- Monotonicity of entailment
- Moscow
- Nonmonotonic logic
- Observations
- Particular
- Plato
- Predicate calculus
- Premise
- Probability
- Programming language
- Prolog
- Reason
- Relevance
- Rule of inference
- Semantic web
- Siberia
- Soccer
- Socrates
- Soviet Union
- Statistical inference
- Subset
- Syllogism
- Symbology
- Theorem
- Transduction (machine learning)
- Truth
- Universal (metaphysics)
- Web Ontology Language
- Wikt:infer
- Reason
- enSome information, probably encoded by different type fonts in the dictionary, seems to have got lost. I assume, under the keyword 'induction ', the dictionary says 'the inference of a general law from particular instances'. Please check with the source and clarify.
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- 3n3ui
- 4139983-3
- Argumentatio
- Dôsledok
- Gevolgtrekking
- Imperensiya
- Inférence (logique)
- Inferencia
- Inferencia
- Inferència
- Inferência
- Inferenco
- Inferens
- Inferență
- Inferentzia (logika)
- Inferenza
- Išvada
- Kesimpulan
- m.01v0jd
- Nəticəçıxarma
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- Category:Concepts in epistemology
- Category:Concepts in logic
- Category:Concepts in metaphilosophy
- Category:Concepts in metaphysics
- Category:Concepts in the philosophy of mind
- Category:History of logic
- Category:Inference
- Category:Intellectual history
- Category:Logic
- Category:Logical consequence
- Category:Logic and statistics
- Category:Metaphysics of mind
- Category:Reasoning
- Category:Sources of knowledge
- Category:Thought
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