Comparative method
In linguistics, the comparative method is a technique for studying the development of languages by performing a feature-by-feature comparison of two or more languages with common descent from a shared ancestor and then extrapolating backwards to infer the properties of that ancestor. The comparative method may be contrasted with the method of internal reconstruction in which the internal development of a single language is inferred by the analysis of features within that language. Ordinarily, both methods are used together to reconstruct prehistoric phases of languages; to fill in gaps in the historical record of a language; to discover the development of phonological, morphological and other linguistic systems and to confirm or to refute hypothesised relationships between languages.
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- Antoine Meillet
- Hans Henrich Hock
- Comment
- enIn linguistics, the comparative method is a technique for studying the development of languages by performing a feature-by-feature comparison of two or more languages with common descent from a shared ancestor and then extrapolating backwards to infer the properties of that ancestor. The comparative method may be contrasted with the method of internal reconstruction in which the internal development of a single language is inferred by the analysis of features within that language. Ordinarily, both methods are used together to reconstruct prehistoric phases of languages; to fill in gaps in the historical record of a language; to discover the development of phonological, morphological and other linguistic systems and to confirm or to refute hypothesised relationships between languages.
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- enIn linguistics, the comparative method is a technique for studying the development of languages by performing a feature-by-feature comparison of two or more languages with common descent from a shared ancestor and then extrapolating backwards to infer the properties of that ancestor. The comparative method may be contrasted with the method of internal reconstruction in which the internal development of a single language is inferred by the analysis of features within that language. Ordinarily, both methods are used together to reconstruct prehistoric phases of languages; to fill in gaps in the historical record of a language; to discover the development of phonological, morphological and other linguistic systems and to confirm or to refute hypothesised relationships between languages. The comparative method was developed over the 19th century. Key contributions were made by the Danish scholars Rasmus Rask and Karl Verner and the German scholar Jacob Grimm. The first linguist to offer reconstructed forms from a proto-language was August Schleicher, in his Compendium der vergleichenden Grammatik der indogermanischen Sprachen, originally published in 1861. Here is Schleicher's explanation of why he offered reconstructed forms: In the present work an attempt is made to set forth the inferred Indo-European original language side by side with its really existent derived languages. Besides the advantages offered by such a plan, in setting immediately before the eyes of the student the final results of the investigation in a more concrete form, and thereby rendering easier his insight into the nature of particular Indo-European languages, there is, I think, another of no less importance gained by it, namely that it shows the baselessness of the assumption that the non-Indian Indo-European languages were derived from Old-Indian (Sanskrit).
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- Comparative method
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- enComparative method
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- www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~bjoseph/publications/1989aspiration.pdf%7Cref=CITEREFJanda1989
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- Category:Comparative linguistics
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- 565rY
- Den komparative metoden
- Methodus historico-comparativa
- Metoda porównawcza (językoznawstwo)
- Mètode comparatiu
- Metode perbandingan
- Metodo comparativo
- Método comparativo (lingüística)
- Métodu comparativu
- Phương pháp so sánh
- Primerjalna metoda
- Q950464
- Rendszeres hangmegfelelések törvénye
- Vergelijkende methode (taalkunde)
- Сравнително-исторически метод (лингвистика)
- القاعدة النسبية
- ஒப்பியல் முறை
- 比較方法 (言語学)
- 比較法 (語言學)
- 비교 재구
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- Uralic languages
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- 1966
- 1991
- Subject
- Category:Comparative linguistics
- Category:Historical linguistics
- Text
- enEvery linguistic fact is part of a whole in which everything is connected to everything else. One detail must not be linked to another detail, but one linguistic system to another.
- enThe ultimate proof of genetic relationship, and to many linguists' minds the only real proof, lies in a successful reconstruction of the ancestral forms from which the semantically corresponding cognates can be derived.
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- enLa méthode comparative en linguistique historique
- enPrinciples of Historical Linguistics
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