Victorian era

Victorian era

In the history of the United Kingdom and the British Empire, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. The era followed the Georgian period and preceded the Edwardian period, and its later half overlaps with the first part of the Belle Époque era of Continental Europe.

After
Edwardian era
Align
enleft
enright
Author
enKate Summerscale quoting historian Anthony S. Wohl
Before
Georgian era
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en#ACE1AF
Caption
en"The truant's log" painting by Ralph Henley depicts a schoolboy being punished for truancy
enA picture of Leadenhall Street, London, c. 1837
enBritish and Australian officers in South Africa during the Second Boer War
enBrunel's Clifton Suspension Bridge in Bristol
enConstruction of the Metropolitan Railway
enCover illustration for Lewis Carroll's The Nursery "Alice" by E. Gertrude Thomson published by Macmillan in 1890 in London
enCromwell street school formally a Birmingham board school established following the 1870 Education Act
enCrossing the Lagan Canal by the Ulster Railway near Moira, Northern Ireland, a legacy of the Victorian era.
enDaimler Wagonette, Ireland, c. 1899
enFirst Opium War: British ships approaching Canton in May 1841
enFollowing the Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War in 1896, the British proclaimed a protectorate over the Ashanti Kingdom.
enFrith's depiction of Paddington railway station in London.
enGirl pulling a coal tub in mine. From official report of the parliamentary commission in the mid-19th century.
enGovernor-General of India Lord Canning meets Maharaja Ranbir Singh of Jammu and Kashmir, 1860
enLlandudno, 1856. With the arrival of the railway network, seaside towns became popular destinations for Victorian holiday makers
enOpening of the Royal Albert Hall in 1871
enPablo Fanque performing at Astley's Amphitheatre, 1847
enPage 157 from Somerville's Mechanism discussing Kepler's laws
enQueen Victoria in 1859 by Winterhalter
enRamsgate beach in 1899
enRecreation of Victorian furnishings in a 21st century classroom
enThe 1843 launch of the Great Britain, the revolutionary ship of Isambard Kingdom Brunel
enThe 1887 edition of Beeton's Christmas Annual contains Arthur Conan Doyle's A Study in Scarlet, the first appearance of the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes.
enThe Great Exhibition in London. The United Kingdom was the first country in the world to industrialise.
enThe Poultry Cross, Salisbury, painted by Louise Rayner, c. 1870
enThe author Constance Wilde, wife of Oscar Wilde, pictured with son Cyril, 1889
enThe defence of Rorke's Drift during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879
enThe last of the mail coaches at Newcastle upon Tyne, 1848
enThe railways changed communications and society dramatically
enWorking class life in Victorian St Ives, Cornwall
enWorkmen leaving Platt's Works, Oldham, 1900
21.0
Comment
enIn the history of the United Kingdom and the British Empire, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. The era followed the Georgian period and preceded the Edwardian period, and its later half overlaps with the first part of the Belle Époque era of Continental Europe.
Depiction
A daguerreotype of a Victorian couple in 1840s clothing.jpg
A Football Match.jpg
Allen & Sons Cocoa ad 1880.jpg
All Red Line.jpg
A Study in Scarlet from Beeton's Christmas Annual 1887.jpg
Boer War officers P03206.001.jpg
Bristol MMB 43 SS Great Britain.jpg
British Empire in 1898.png
British ships in Canton.jpg
Children playing in their nursery; performing at and attendi Wellcome V0010800.jpg
Clifton.bridge.arp.750pix.jpg
Clover with his chloroform apparatus 1862.jpg
coaltub.png
Constance Wilde with son Cyril 1889.jpg
Constructing the Metropolitan Railway.png
Cromwell Street School Birmingham 07.jpg
Crystal Palace - interior.jpg
Daimler wagonette National Library of Ireland.jpg
Dante Gabriel Rossetti - Proserpine.jpg
Défense de Rorke's Drift.jpg
Edinburgh Ale by Hill & Adamson c1844.png
Fanque at Astley's.jpg
Faraday Michael Christmas lecture detail.jpg
Fathers of Confederation LAC c001855.jpg
Frank Bramley - A Hopeless Dawn 1888.jpg
Franz Xaver Winterhalter Family of Queen Victoria.jpg
Frederick Leighton - Biondina.jpg
From 'Street Life in London', 1877, by John Thomson and Adolphe Smith- (6960859488).jpg
George William Joy - The Bayswater Omnibus.jpg
Henry Boddington - Norfolk Hamlet 1840.jpg
Holl (after Frith) The Railway Station colorized.jpg
James Pollard - The Derby Pets- The Winner - Google Art Project.jpg
James Pollard - The Last of the Mail Coaches at Newcastle upon Tyne - Google Art Project.jpg
James Pollard - The Louth-London Royal Mail Travelling by Train from Peterborough East, Northamptonshire - Google Art Project.jpg
John Simmons - Titania sleeping in the moonlight protected by her fairies.jpg
Kemna Lokomotiven.jpg
Kondratieff Wave-HQ.png
Launch-of-the-SS-GB.jpg
Leadenhall Street J Hopkins.jpg
Leighton-God Speed!.jpg
Llandudno.jpeg
Lord Kelvin (Biographies of Scientific Men).jpg
Louise Rayner Salisbury The Poultry Cross.jpg
MandK Industrial Revolution 1900.jpg
Miranda - John William Waterhouse.jpg
Monarch of the Glen, Edwin Landseer, 1851.jpg
Nightingale-mortality.jpg
Nursery-alice-1890.png
Page 157 from Mechanism of the Heaven, Mary Somerville 1831.png
Poverty map old nichol 1889.jpg
Prempeh-124-palaver-and-submission.jpg
Punch guy fawkes pope 1850.jpg
Queen Victoria on her deathbed, 1901.jpg
Queen Victoria - Winterhalter 1859.jpg
RAH Opening 1871 ILN.jpg
Railway Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 501975.jpg
Ralph Hedley The truant's log 1899.jpg
Return visit of the Viceroy to the Maharaja of Cashmere.jpg
Royal Institution Shepherd TH.jpg
Senior Wrangler and Girton student.jpg
Sir John Everett Millais - Peace Concluded - Google Art Project.jpg
Stephenson's Rocket.jpg
The sands, Ramsgate, Kent, England, ca. 1899.jpg
The Sellers of Shell-fish (6924988264).jpg
The Victorian Schoolroom, Leith Walk Primary School - geograph.org.uk - 3721904.jpg
ThomasHenryHuxley.jpg
Victorian Bishopgate.jpg
William Holman Hunt 001.jpg
Women in Victorian London washing (47050918051).jpg
Direction
enhorizontal
envertical
End
1901
Has abstract
enIn the history of the United Kingdom and the British Empire, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. The era followed the Georgian period and preceded the Edwardian period, and its later half overlaps with the first part of the Belle Époque era of Continental Europe. There was a strong religious drive for higher moral standards led by the nonconformist churches, such as the Methodists and the evangelical wing of the established Church of England. Ideologically, the Victorian era witnessed resistance to the rationalism that defined the Georgian period, and an increasing turn towards romanticism and even mysticism in religion, social values, and arts. This era saw a staggering amount of technological innovations that proved key to Britain's power and prosperity. Doctors started moving away from tradition and mysticism towards a science-based approach; medicine advanced thanks to the adoption of the germ theory of disease and pioneering research in epidemiology. Domestically, the political agenda was increasingly liberal, with a number of shifts in the direction of gradual political reform, improved social reform, and the widening of the franchise. There were unprecedented demographic changes: the population of England and Wales almost doubled from 16.8 million in 1851 to 30.5 million in 1901, and Scotland's population also rose rapidly, from 2.8 million in 1851 to 4.4 million in 1901. However, Ireland's population decreased sharply, from 8.2 million in 1841 to less than 4.5 million in 1901, mostly due to emigration and the Great Famine. Between 1837 and 1901 about 15 million emigrated from Great Britain, mostly to the United States, as well as to imperial outposts in Canada, South Africa, New Zealand, and Australia. Thanks to educational reforms, the British population not only approached universal literacy towards the end of the era but also became increasingly well-educated; the market for reading materials of all kinds boomed. Britain's relations with the other Great Powers were driven by antagonism with Russia, including the Crimean War and the Great Game. A Pax Britannica of peaceful trade was maintained by the country's naval and industrial supremacy. Britain embarked on global imperial expansion, particularly in Asia and Africa, which made the British Empire the largest empire in history. National self-confidence peaked. Britain granted political autonomy to the more advanced colonies of Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Apart from the Crimean War, Britain was not involved in any armed conflict with another major power. The two main political parties during the era remained the Whigs/Liberals and the Conservatives; by its end, the Labour Party had formed as a distinct political entity. These parties were led by such prominent statesmen as Lord Melbourne, Sir Robert Peel, Lord Derby, Lord Palmerston, Benjamin Disraeli, William Gladstone, and Lord Salisbury. The unsolved problems relating to Irish Home Rule played a great part in politics in the later Victorian era, particularly in view of Gladstone's determination to achieve a political settlement in Ireland.
Has exact match
i116669
Hypernym
Period
Image
enA Study in Scarlet from Beeton's Christmas Annual 1887.jpg
enBoer War officers P03206.001.jpg
enBritish ships in Canton.jpg
enClifton.bridge.arp.750pix.jpg
enConstance Wilde with son Cyril 1889.jpg
enConstructing the Metropolitan Railway.png
enCromwell Street School Birmingham 07.jpg
enCrystal Palace - interior.jpg
enDaimler wagonette National Library of Ireland.jpg
enDéfense de Rorke's Drift.jpg
enFanque at Astley's.jpg
enHoll The Railway Station colorized.jpg
enJames Pollard - The Last of the Mail Coaches at Newcastle upon Tyne - Google Art Project.jpg
enLaunch-of-the-SS-GB.jpg
enLeadenhall Street J Hopkins.jpg
enLlandudno.jpeg
enLouise Rayner Salisbury The Poultry Cross.jpg
enMandK Industrial Revolution 1900.jpg
enNursery-alice-1890.png
enPage 157 from Mechanism of the Heaven, Mary Somerville 1831.png
enPoverty map old nichol 1889.jpg
enPrempeh-124-palaver-and-submission.jpg
enRAH Opening 1871 ILN.jpg
enRailway Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 501975.jpg
enRalph Hedley The truant's log 1899.jpg
enReturn visit of the Viceroy to the Maharaja of Cashmere.jpg
enStephenson's Rocket.jpg
enThe Victorian Schoolroom, Leith Walk Primary School - geograph.org.uk - 3721904.jpg
enThe sands, Ramsgate, Kent, England, ca. 1899.jpg
enVictorian Bishopgate.jpg
encoaltub.png
Is primary topic of
Victorian era
Label
enVictorian era
Leaders
Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery
Benjamin Disraeli
Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby
George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen
Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston
John Russell, 1st Earl Russell
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
Robert Peel
William Ewart Gladstone
William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne
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File:A daguerreotype of a Victorian couple in 1840s clothing.jpg
File:A Football Match.jpg
File:Allen & Sons Cocoa ad 1880.jpg
File:Bristol MMB 43 SS Great Britain.jpg
File:British Empire in 1898.png
File:Children playing in their nursery; performing at and attendi Wellcome V0010800.jpg
File:Clover with his chloroform apparatus 1862.jpg
File:Edinburgh Ale by Hill & Adamson c1844.png
File:Faraday Michael Christmas lecture detail.jpg
File:Fathers of Confederation LAC c001855.jpg
File:Franz Xaver Winterhalter Family of Queen Victoria.jpg
File:George William Joy - The Bayswater Omnibus.jpg
File:James Pollard - The Derby Pets- The Winner - Google Art Project.jpg
File:Kondratieff Wave-HQ.png
File:Lord Kelvin (Biographies of Scientific Men).jpg
File:Nightingale-mortality.jpg
File:Punch guy fawkes pope 1850.jpg
File:Queen Victoria on her deathbed, 1901.jpg
File:Royal Institution Shepherd TH.jpg
File:Senior Wrangler and Girton student.jpg
File:Sir John Everett Millais - Peace Concluded - Google Art Project.jpg
File:ThomasHenryHuxley.jpg
File:Women in Victorian London washing (47050918051).jpg
Fin de siècle
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Timeline of the Poor Law system
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Name
enVictorian era
Quote
enThe most obvious and the most distinctive feature of the History of Civilisation, during the last fifty years [1837–87], is the wonderful increase of industrial production by the application of machinery, the improvement of old technical processes and the invention of new ones, accompanied by an even more remarkable development of old and new means of locomotion and intercommunication.
Salign
enright
SameAs
7503447-5
Aevum Victorianum
Cyfnod Fictoraidd
Dómina victoriana
Epoca victoriană
Época victoriana
Època victoriana
Época vitoriana
Epoka wiktoriańska
Époque victorienne
Era Victoria
Era vitoriana
Età vittoriana
Fiktoriaanske Tiid
m.0814f
mF7b
Q182688
Ré Victeoiriach
Victoria ajastu
Victoriaanse tydperk
Victoriaans tijdperk
Victorian era
Victorian era
Victoriatiden
Viktoriaaninen aikakausi
Viktoriana epoko
Viktorianisches Zeitalter
Viktoriánska éra
Viktoriánské období
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Βικτωριανή εποχή
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Викторианская эпоха
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התקופה הוויקטוריאנית
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سەردەمی ڤیکتۆریا
وکٹوریائی دور
وکٹوریائی دور
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விக்டோரியா காலம்
വിക്ടോറിയൻ കാലഘട്ടം
වික්ටෝරියා යුගය
สมัยวิกตอเรีย
ვიქტორიანული ეპოქა
ヴィクトリア朝
维多利亚时代
빅토리아 시대
SeeAlso
Periodisation
Victorian architecture
Victorian literature
Victorian morality
Source
en—Thomas Henry Huxley
Start
1837
Subject
Category:19th century in England
Category:19th century in the United Kingdom
Category:Historical eras
Category:History of England by period
Category:History of the United Kingdom by period
Category:Victorian era
Text
enThe English home closed up and darkened over the decade , the cult of domesticity matched by a cult of privacy. Bourgeois existence was a world of interior space, heavily curtained off and wary of intrusion, and opened only by invitation for viewing on occasions such as parties or teas. "The essential, unknowability of each individual, and society's collaboration in the maintenance of a façade behind which lurked innumerable mysteries, were the themes which preoccupied many mid-century novelists."
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YearEnd
1901
YearStart
1837