| 5a9d135f1cda718909f81eae1a1a159b |
research overview |
<div>I have developed and championed the use of microgravity as a tool for monitoring
active volcanoes. I have used this method to identify sub-surface processes at calderas
in a state of unrest and at persistently active volcanoes and this has given geoscientists
considerable insight into the range of mechanisms responsible for initiating and sustaining
volcanic activity. The technique I pioneered is now the standard method for gravity
monitoring on volcanoes; it remains the only way to quantify the sub-surface mass
changes that occur before, during and after eruptions.</div><div> </div><div> </div><p><strong>Recent
funded projects;</strong></p><div>Earthwatch, The Centre for Field Research. 2016</div><div>Environmental
impact of persistently active volcanoes. ca.£31,918</div><div> </div><div>Earthwatch,
The Centre for Field Research. 2015</div><div>Environmental impact of persistently
active volcanoes. ca.£31,918</div><div> </div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div>Earthwatch,
The Centre for Field Research. 2014</div><div>Environmental impact of persistently
active volcanoes. ca.£31,918</div><div>SEG Foundation<em> Geoscientists
without Borders. </em>2013</div></div><div>iVolcán– Developing Integrated
Volcano Monitoring and Hazard Mitigation Programs at Persistently Degassing Volcanoes.
$100,000</div><div> </div><div>Earthwatch, The Centre for Field Research. 2013</div><div>Environmental
impact of persistently active volcanoes. ca.£16,375</div></div><div> </div><div>Earthwatch,
The Centre for Field Research. 2012</div><div>Environmental impact of persistently
active volcanoes.£17,500</div></div><div> </div><div>Earthwatch, The Centre
for Field Research. 2011</div><div>Icelandic volcanoes£16,100</div><div>Environmental
impact of persistently active volcanoes.£28,500</div></div><div> </div><div>Earthwatch,
The Centre for Field Research. Volcano 2010</div><div>Environmental impact of persistently
active volcanoes.£51,600</div></div><div><p><em>ARKeX</em> Matched funding
for PhD Studentship. New method for predicting natural hazards<br />£30k</p></div></div><div><div>Earthwatch,
The Centre for Field Research. Volcano 2009</div><div>Environmental impact of persistently
active volcanoes. ca. $32k</div><div> </div></div><div>Earthwatch, The Centre
for Field Research. Volcano 2008</div><div>Environmental impact of persistently active
volcanoes.£10,500</div><div> </div><div>The Royal Society International
Incoming Short Visits 2007/R3</div><div>The physics behind volcanic eruption triggering.£3982</div><div> </div><div>NERC
Small grant Dec. 2007 NE/F011598/1</div><div>Gravity measurements of magma movements;
detection of possible precursors to new eruption in Iceland.£19,960</div><div>Fundación
para el Fomento en Asturias de la Investigación Aplicada y laTecnología
(FICYT). (Spain) 2008<br />Geophysical instrument development 5867 Euro (internship
for Beatriz Izquierdo)</div><div><div>FARO Global grant programme (Spain) 2008<br
/>Geophysical instrument development 5625 Euro (internship for Guillermo Caravantes)</div><div>Santander-Abbey
Fellowship 2008<br />Potential field geophysics insights into local structural controls
on two active Chilean Andes volcanoes: Hornopiren and Chaiten. Approx.£5k (3
month fellowship for Andreas Pavaz)</div><div> </div></div><p><strong>Patents</strong></p><p> </p><p>1.
GB patent application GB0612049.7– Low Cost Gravity Meter. Rymer, H. and Matela,
R.J. Application filed 19-06-2006.</p><p> </p><p>2.
US6668646– Gravity Meter. Rymer, H. and Matela, R.J. Publication date 30-12-2003.
G</p><p> </p><p>3. B2376751– Gravity Meter.
Rymer, H., Matela, R.J. and Davies, M.A. Publication date 24-12-2002.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Authored
Books</strong></p><p> </p><p>1. S. Sparks, S. Self,
J. Grattan, C. Oppenheimer, D. Pyle,& H. Rymer (2005)<strong>Super-eruptions:
global effects and future threat</strong>[online]. Report of a Geological Society
of London Working Group. The Geological Society (2<sup>nd</sup>(print)
Edn.). Also available from:</p><p><a href="http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsl/education/page2540.html"
rel="nofollow">http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsl/education/page2540.html</a></p><p>2.
H. Rymer& S. Drury (2003)<strong>Earth’s Engine</strong>. S339 Block 1 Open
University 94pp. ISBN 0 7492 5665 6</p><p>3. P.J. Smith&
H. Rymer (1993) <strong>How the Earth Works</strong>. S267 Block 1. Open University
285pp. ISBN- 0749281626 </p><p><strong>Edited Books</strong></p><p>1. H.
Sigurdsson, B. Houghton, S. McNutt, H. Rymer, and S. Stix, (eds.) (2015)<strong>Encyclopedia
of Volcanoes</strong>, Elsevier. ISBN– 978-0-12-385938-9</p><p>2. H.
Sigurdsson, B. Houghton, S. McNutt, H. Rymer, and S. Stix, (eds.) (1999)<strong>Encyclopedia
of Volcanoes</strong>, Academic Press. 1417 pp. ISBN - 0 12 643140-X.</p><p><strong>Chapters
in Books</strong></p><p>1. ‘Hazards of Volcanic
Gases’ by Williams-Jones, G and Rymer, H. in Sigurdsson, H., Houghton, B., McNutt,
S., Rymer, H. and Stix, S. (eds.) (2015),<strong>Encyclopedia of Volcanoes</strong>Elsevier
DOI 10.1016/B978-0-12-38938-9.00057-2 (50% contribution)</p><p>2. Ground
deformation, gravity and magnetics’ by Freymueller, J.T., Murray, J.B., Rymer,
H and Locke, C.A. in Sigurdsson, H., Houghton, B., McNutt, S., Rymer, H. and Stix,
S. (eds.) (2015),<strong>Encyclopedia of Volcanoes</strong>Elsevier DOI 10.1016/B978-0-12-38938-9.00064-X
(50% contribution)</p><p>3. ‘Microgravity studies at Mount Etna (Italy)’
by Budetta, G., Carbone D., Greco F. and Rymer, H., in Calvari S., Bonaccorso A.,
Coltelli M., Del Negro C., Falsaperla S., (eds) (2004),<strong>Mt. Etna Volcano Laboratory</strong>.
Geophysical Monograph. Series. 143AGU. pp<em>,</em>384ISBN 0-87590-408-4 </p><p>4. ‘Eruption
of Mount St Helens’ in Tallack, P. (ed ) (2001),<strong>The Science Book</strong>Cassell&
Co. pp 462. ISBN 0304 359181</p><p>5. ‘Volcano
monitoring synthesis’ by McNutt, S., Rymer, H. and Stix, J. in Sigurdsson, H.,
Houghton, B., McNutt, S., Rymer, H. and Stix, S. (eds.) (2000),<strong>Encyclopedia
of Volcanoes</strong>Academic Press 1165-1183. ISBN - 0 12 643140-X </p><p>6. ‘Ground
deformation, gravity and magnetics’ by Murray, J.B., Locke, C.A. and Rymer,
H. in Sigurdsson, H., Houghton, B., McNutt, S., Rymer, H. and Stix, S. (eds.) (2000),<strong>Encyclopedia
of Volcanoes</strong>Academic Press 1121-1140. ISBN - 0 12 643140-X </p><p>7. ‘Hazards
of Volcanic gases’ by Williams-Jones, G. and Rymer, H. in Sigurdsson, H., Houghton,
B., McNutt, S., Rymer, H. and Stix, S. (eds.) (2000)<strong>Encyclopedia of Volcanoes</strong>Academic
Press 997-1004. ISBN - 0 12 643140X </p><p>8. ‘Volcanic
Eruption Prediction’ in S802<strong>Science and the Public</strong>. Part A
Case Study. (1998). Open University SUP 392183</p><p>9. ‘Gravity
methods’ in Scarpa, R.& R. Tilling, R. (eds.) (1996) <strong>Monitoring
and mitigation of Volcanic hazards</strong>Springer-Verlag 169-197. ISBN-3540607137</p><p>10. ‘Microgravity
monitoring’ in Barberi, F., Casale, R.,& Fantechi, R. (eds.) (1996)<strong>The
Mitigation of Volcanic Hazards</strong>European Commission, Luxembourg pp 259-310
ISBN-9282769127</p><p>11. ‘Microgravity monitoring’
in McGuire, W.J., C. Kilburn, C.& Murray, J.B. (eds.)(1995)<strong>Monitoring
active volcanoes; strategies, procedures and techniques</strong>' UCL Press London
pp 217-247 ISBN-1857280369</p><p>12. ‘Predicting volcanic eruptions using
microgravity, and the mitigation of volcanic hazard’ in Merriman, P.A.&
C.W.A. Browitt, C.W.A. (eds.) (1993). In<strong>Natural Disasters: protecting
vulnerable communities</strong>Thomas Telford, London pp 252-269 ISBN-072771936X</p><p>13. ‘The
Changing Earth’ in Allen, J. (ed.) (1988)<strong>Inside Science</strong>BBC
Books pp. 110-121 ISBN- 0 563 21410 4</p><p><strong>Articles in Refereed Journals</strong></p><p>1.
Carbone, D., Zuccarello, L., Messina, A., Scollo, S. and Rymer, H. 2015. Balancing
bulk gas accumulation and gas output before and during lava fountaining episodes at
Mt. Etna. Scientific Reports. DOI: 10.1038/srep18049 </p><p> Gunn,
L.S., Blake, S., Jones, M.C. and Rymer, H. 2013. Forecasting the duration of volcanic
eruptions: An empirical probabilistic model. Bulletin of Volcanology 76(1); 780 DOI
10.1007/s00445-013-0780-8</p><p>2. de Zeeuw van Dalfsen,
E., Rymer, H., Pedersen, R., Sturkell, E., Sigmundsson, F. andÓfeigsson, B.
2013. Geodetic data shed light on ongoing caldera subsidence at Askja, Iceland.<em>Bulletin
of Volcanology</em>75:709 DOI 10.1007/s00445-013-0709-2</p><p>3.
Carbone, D., Zuccarello, L., Montalto, P and Rymer, H. 2011. New geophysical insight
into the dynamics of Stromboli volcano (Italy).<em>Gondwana Research</em>doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2011.09.007</p><p>4.
Rymer, H. Locke, C.A.,Ófeigsson, B.G., Einarsson, P. and Sturkell, E.2010.
New mass increase beneath Askja volcano, Iceland– a precursor to renewed activity?<em>Terra
Nova</em>doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3121.2010.00948.x </p><p>5.
Carbone, D., Zuccarello, L., Saccorotti, G., Rymer, H. and Rapisarda, S. 2010. The
effect of inertial accelerations on the higher-frequency components of the signal
from spring gravimeters’<em>Geophysical Journal International</em>doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04644.x </p><p>6.
Rymer, H., Locke, C.A., Borgia, A., Martinez, M., Brenes, J., van der Laat, R. And
Williams-Jones, G. 2009. Long-term fluctuations in volcanic activity: implications
for future environmental impact.<em>Terra Nova</em> 21, 304–309,DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3121.2009.0885.x </p><p>7.
Wooller, L.K., van Wyk de Vries, B., Cecchi, E. and& Rymer, H. 2009. Analogue
models of the effect of long-term basement fault movement on volcanic edifices.<em>Bulletin
of Volcanology</em>DOI 10.1007/s00445-009-0289-3</p><p>8.
Williams-Jones, G., Rymer, H., Mauri, G., Gottsmann, J., Poland, M. and Carbone, D.
2008. Towards continuous 4D microgravity monitoring of volcanoes.<em>Geophysics</em>73
(6) 19-28.</p><p>9. Gottsman, J., Camacho, A.G., Marti,
J., Wooller, L. Fernández, J., Garcia, A. and Rymer,H. 2008. Shallow structure
beneath the Central Volcanic Complex of Tenerife from new gravity data: Implications
for its evolution and recent reactivation.<em>Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors</em>168:
212–230.</p><p>10. Gottsman, J., Carniel, R., Coppo, N., Wooller, L.,
Hautman, S. and Rymer, H. 2007. Oscillations in hydrothermal systems as a source of
periodic unrest at caldera volcanoes: Multiparameter insights from Nisyros, Greece.<em>Geophysical
Research Letters</em>34, Art. No. L07307, DOI:10.1029/2007GL029594.</p><p>11.
Gottsmann, J., Wooller, L. Martí, J., Fernández, J., Camacho, A.G.,
Gonzalez, P.J., Garcia, A., and Rymer, H. 2006. New evidence for the reawakening of
Teide volcano.<em>Geophysical Research Letters</em>33 (20): Art. No. L20311. </p><p>12.
Gottsmann, J., Rymer, H.& Berrino, G. 2006. Unrest at the Campi Flegrei (Italy):
a critical evaluation of source parameters from geodetic data inversion.<em>Journal
of Volcanology and Geothermal Research</em>150 (1-3) 132-145. </p><p>13.
Gottsmann, J., Folch, A. and Rymer, H. 2006. Unrest at Campi Flegrei: A contribution
to the magmatic versus hydrothermal debate from inverse and finite element modelling.<em>Journal
of Geophysical Research</em>111, B07203, DOI:10.1029/2005JB003745.</p><p>14.
de Zeeuw-van Dalfsen, E., Rymer, H., Williams-Jones, G., Sturkell, E. and Sigmundsson,
F. 2006. Integration of micro-gravity and geodetic data to constrain shallow system
mass changes at Krafla volcano, N Iceland.<em>Bulletin of Volcanology</em>68 (5) 420-431
DOI 10.1007/s0445-005-0018-5.</p><p>15. Rymer, H., Locke, C.A., Brenes, J. and
Williams-Jones, G. 2005. Magma plumbing processes for persistent activity at Poás
Volcano, Costa Rica.<em>Geophysical Research Letters</em>32 art no. L08307</p><p>16.
Gottsmann, J., Rymer, H. and Wooller, L.K. 2005. On the interpretation of gravity
variations in the presence of active hydrothermal systems: Insights from the Nisyros
Caldera, Greece,<em>Geophysical Research Letters</em>32, L23310, DOI:10.1029/2005GL024061.</p><p>17.
de Zeeuw-Van Dalfsen E, Rymer H, Sigmundsson F. and Sturkell, E. 2005. Net gravity
decrease at Askja volcano, Iceland: constraints on processes responsible for continuous
caldera deflation, 1988-2003. <em>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research</em>139
(3-4): 227-239.</p><p>18. Gottsmann, J., Fournier, N.E.& Rymer, H. 2004.
g_log4PDA: an application for continuous monitoring of gravity using LaCoste&Romberg
Aliod 100 systems and Palm OS<sup>®</sup>run hand-held computers. <em>Computers&
Geosciences</em>30, (5) 553-558.</p><p>19. Wooller, L., van Wyk de Vries, B.,
Muray, J.B., Rymer, H and Meyer, S. 2004. Volcano spreading controlled by dipping
substrata.<em>Geology</em>32 (7) 573-576.</p><p>20. Fournier, N., Rymer, H.,
Williams-Jones, G. and Brenes, J. 2004. High-resolution gravity survey: Investigation
of subsurface structures at Poás volcano, Costa Rica. <em>Geophysical
Research Letters</em>31 (15) art no. L15602.</p><p>21. Carbone, D., Budetta,
G., Greco, F. and Rymer, H. 2003. Combined discrete and continuous gravity observations
at Mount Etna.<em>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research</em>123 (1-2) 123-135.</p><p>22.
Williams-Jones, G., Rymer, H. and Rothery, D.A. 2003. Gravity changes and passive
SO<sub>2</sub>degassing at the Masaya caldera complex, Nicaragua.<em>Journal of Volcanology
and Geothermal Research</em>123 (1-2) 137-160.</p><p>23. Gottsmann, J., Berrino,
B., Rymer, H. and Williams-Jones, G. 2003. Hazard assessment during caldera
unrest at the Campi Flegrei, Italy: A contribution from gravity-height gradients.<em>Earth&
Planetary Science Letters</em>211 (3-4) 295-309.</p><p>24. Locke, C.A, Rymer,
H and Cassidy, J. 2003. Magma transfer processes at persistently active volcanoes:
insights from gravity observations.<em>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research</em>127
(1-2) 73-86.</p><p>25. Rymer, H. and Williams-Jones, H. 2003. Special issue–
Volcanic hazards: Monitoring, predicting and mitigations– introduction.<em>Journal
of Volcanology and Geothermal Research</em>123 (1-2) 73-86.</p><p>26. Williams-Jones,
G. and Rymer, H. 2002. Detecting volcanic eruption pre-cursors: a new method using
gravity and deformation measurements.<em>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research</em>113
(1-2) vii-viii. </p><p>27. Gottsmann, J. and Rymer, H. 2002. Deflation
during caldera unrest: constraints on subsurface processes and hazard prediction from
gravity-height data.<em>Bulletin of Volcanology</em>64 338-348.</p><p>28. Rymer,
H. and Williams-Jones, G. 2000. Volcanic eruption prediction: Magma chamber physics
from gravity and deformation measurements. <em>Geophysical Research Lett</em>ers
27 (16) 2389-2392.</p><p>29. Rollin, P.J., Cassidy, J., Locke, C.A., Rymer,
H. 2000. Evolution of the magmatic plumbing system at Mount Etna: new evidence from
gravity and magnetic data.<em>Terra Nova</em>12 193-198.</p><p>30. Rymer, H.,
Cassidy, J., Locke, C.A., Barboza, V., Barquero, J., Brenes, J. and van der Laat,
R. 2000. Geophysical studies of the recent 15-year eruptive cycle at Poás Volcano,
Costa Rica. <em>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research</em>97 425-442.</p><p>31.
Carbone, C. and Rymer, H. 1999. Calibration shifts in a LaCoste& Romberg gravimeter
- comparison with a Scintrex CG-3.<em>Geophysical Prospecting</em>47 73-83.</p><p>32.
Delmelle, P., Baxter, P., Beaulieu, A., Burton, M., Francis, P., Garcia-Alvarez, J.,
Horrocks, L., Navarro, M., Oppenheimer, C., Rothery, D., Rymer, H., St. Armand, K.,
Stix, J., Strauch, W. and Williams-Jones, G. 1999. Origin& effects of Masaya volcano’s
continued unrest probed in Nicaragua.<em>EOS, Transactions, AGU.</em>80 (48) 575-581. </p><p>33.
Rymer, H., Ferrucci, F. and Locke, C.A. 1998. Mt. Etna: monitoring in the past, present
and future. In Lyell: the past is the key to the future. (eds D.J Blundell and A.C.
Scott)<em>Geological Society Special Publication</em>143 335-347.</p><p>34.
Rymer, H., van Wyk de Vries, B., Stix, J. and Williams-Jones, G.1998. Pit crater
structure and processes governing persistent activity at Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua.<em>Bulletin
of Volcanology</em>59 345-355.</p><p>35. Rymer, H., Cassidy, J., Locke, C. A.
and Sigmundsson, F. 1998. Post-eruptive gravity changes from 1990 to 1996 at Krafla
volcano, Iceland.<em>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research</em>87 141-149.</p><p>36.
Rymer, H. and Locke, C.A. 1995. Microgravity and ground deformation
precursors to eruption: a review.<em>Cahiers du Centre European de Geodynamique et
de Seismologie</em> 8 21-39.</p><p>37. Rymer, H., Cassidy, J., Locke,
C.A.& Murray, J.B. 1995. Magma movements in Etna volcano associated with
the major 1991-1993 lava eruption: evidence from gravity and deformation. <em>Bulletin
of Volcanology</em> 57 451-461.</p><p>38. Rymer, H, Brown, G. C., Ferrucci,
F. and Murray, J. B. 1994. Dyke intrusion mechanisms on Etna 1989-1993
and microgravity precursors to eruption. <em>Acta Vulcanologica</em>
4 109-114.</p><p>39. Rymer. H. 1994. Microgravity changes as a precursor
to volcanic activity.<em>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research</em>61 311-329.</p><p>40.
Rymer, H., Murray, J. B., Brown, G. C., Ferrucci. F. and McGuire, W. J. 1993.
Mechanisms of magma eruption and emplacement at Mt. Etna between 1989 and 1992. <em>Nature</em>361
439-441.</p><p>41. Rymer, H. and Tryggvason, E. 1993. Gravity and
elevation changes at Askja, Iceland.<em>Bulletin of Volcanology</em>55 362-371.</p><p>42.
Berrino, G., Rymer, H., Brown. G. C. and Corrado, G.1992. Gravity - height correlations
for unrest at calderas.<em>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research</em>53 11-26.</p><p>43.
Brown, G. C., Rymer, H. and Stevenson, D. 1991. Volcano monitoring by microgravity
and energy budget analysis.<em>Journal of the Geological Society</em><em>of London</em>148
585-593.</p><p>44. Brown, G. C., Everett, S. P., Rymer, H., McGarvie, D. W.
and Foster, I. 1991. New light on caldera evolution, Askja, Iceland.<em>Geology</em>19
352-355.</p><p>45. Brown, G. C. and Rymer, H. 1991. Microgravity monitoring
of active volcanoes: a review of theory and practice.<em>Cahiers du Centre European
de Geodynamique et de Seismologie</em>4 279-304.</p><p>46. Rymer, H. 1991. Microgravity
studies at Póas volcano, Costa Rica.<em>Cahiers du Centre European de Geodynamique
et de Seismologie</em>4 325-331.</p><p>47. Dowden, J., Kapadia, P., Brown, G.
C. and Rymer, H. 1991. The dynamics of a geysir eruption.<em>Journal of Geophysical
Research</em>96 18059-18071.</p><p>48. Brown, G. C., Rymer, H., Dowden, J.,
Kapadia, P., Stevenson, D., Barquero, J. and Morales, L. D. 1989. Energy
budget analysis for Poás crater lake: implications for predicting volcanic
activity.<em>Nature</em>339 370-373.</p><p>49. Rymer, H. 1989. A contribution
to precise microgravity data analysis using LaCoste and Romberg gravity meters.<em>Geophysical
Journal</em>97 311-322.</p><p>50. Rymer, H. and Brown, G. C. 1989. Gravity
changes as a precursor to volcanic eruption at Poás volcano, Costa Rica.<em>Nature</em>342
902-905.</p><p>51. Brown, G. C., Rymer, H. and Thorpe, R. S. 1987. The evolution
of andesite volcano structures: New evidence from gravity studies in Costa Rica.<em>Earth
and Planetary Science Letters</em>82 (3,4) 323-334.</p><p>52. Rymer, H. and
Brown, G. C. 1987. Causes of microgravity change at Poás volcano, Costa
Rica: an active but non-erupting system.<em>Bulletin of Volcanology</em>49 389-398.</p><p>53.
Rymer, H., Morales, L. D., Brown, G. C. 1987. Microgravity monitoring at Poás
volcano 1983-1986.<em>Revista Geologia de America Central</em>6 75-101.</p><p>54.
Rymer, H. and Brown, G. C. 1986. Gravity fields and the interpretation of volcanic
structures: geological discrimination and temporal evolution.<em>Journal of Volcanology
and Geothermal Research</em>27 229-254.</p><p>55. Thorpe, R. S., Brown, G. C.,
Rymer, H., Barritt, S.& Randal, M. 1985. Volcano monitoring in northern Costa
Rica.<em>Earthquake Information Bulletin</em>17 (2) 44-49.</p><p>56. Rymer,
H. and Brown, G. C. 1984. Periodic gravity changes at Poás volcano, Costa
Rica.<em>Nature</em>311: 243-245.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Popular and Commissioned
Review Articles</strong></p><p> </p><p>1. ‘Heavenly
Hot Spots? Hot Dog!’<em>Times Higher Education Supplement</em>10 March 2006
storycode 201888.</p><p>2. ‘P |