Old English

Old English

Old English (Englisċ, pronounced [ˈeŋɡliʃ]), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It was brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the mid-5th century, and the first Old English literary works date from the mid-7th century. After the Norman conquest of 1066, English was replaced, for a time, by Anglo-Norman (a relative of French) as the language of the upper classes. This is regarded as marking the end of the Old English era, since during this period the English language was heavily influenced by Anglo-Norman, developing into a phase known now as Middle English in England and Early Scots in Scotland.

Ancestor
Proto-Germanic
Proto-Indo-European
Category
enOld English language
Comment
enOld English (Englisċ, pronounced [ˈeŋɡliʃ]), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It was brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the mid-5th century, and the first Old English literary works date from the mid-7th century. After the Norman conquest of 1066, English was replaced, for a time, by Anglo-Norman (a relative of French) as the language of the upper classes. This is regarded as marking the end of the Old English era, since during this period the English language was heavily influenced by Anglo-Norman, developing into a phase known now as Middle English in England and Early Scots in Scotland.
Date
16 November 2001
2 July 2005
3 May 2009
23 June 2010
22 February 2012
7 September 2015
25 February 2016
Depiction
2022 04 16 - MAP West Germanic – cc. 580 CE - END.png
Anglosaxonrunes.svg
Beowulf.Kenning.jpg
Beowulf Cotton MS Vitellius A XV f. 132r.jpg
Her swutelað seo gecwydrædnes ðe.jpg
Old English Dialects.png
Old norse, ca 900.png
Statue d'Alfred le Grand à Winchester.jpg
Dia
Kentish dialect (Old English)
Mercian dialect
Northumbrian Old English
West Saxon dialect
Era
enMostly developed into Middle English and Early Scots by the 13th century
Ethnicity
Anglo-Saxons
Fam
Anglic languages
Anglo-Frisian languages
Germanic languages
Ingvaeonic languages
West Germanic languages
Familycolor
enIndo-European
Glotto
enolde1238
Glottorefname
enOld English
Has abstract
enOld English (Englisċ, pronounced [ˈeŋɡliʃ]), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It was brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the mid-5th century, and the first Old English literary works date from the mid-7th century. After the Norman conquest of 1066, English was replaced, for a time, by Anglo-Norman (a relative of French) as the language of the upper classes. This is regarded as marking the end of the Old English era, since during this period the English language was heavily influenced by Anglo-Norman, developing into a phase known now as Middle English in England and Early Scots in Scotland. Old English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or Ingvaeonic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. As the Germanic settlers became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language; and Latin, brought to Britain by Roman invasion. Old English had four main dialects, associated with particular Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish and West Saxon. It was West Saxon that formed the basis for the literary standard of the later Old English period, although the dominant forms of Middle and Modern English would develop mainly from Mercian, and Scots from Northumbrian. The speech of eastern and northern parts of England was subject to strong Old Norse influence due to Scandinavian rule and settlement beginning in the 9th century. Old English is one of the West Germanic languages, and its closest relatives are Old Frisian and Old Saxon. Like other old Germanic languages, it is very different from Modern English and Modern Scots, and largely incomprehensible for Modern English or Modern Scots speakers without study. Within Old English grammar nouns, adjectives, pronouns and verbs have many inflectional endings and forms, and word order is much freer. The oldest Old English inscriptions were written using a runic system, but from about the 8th century this was replaced by a version of the Latin alphabet.
Hypernym
Form
Imagecaption
enA detail of the first page of the Beowulf manuscript, showing the words "ofer hron rade", translated as "over the whale's road ". It is an example of an Old English stylistic device, the kenning.
Iso
enang
enango
Iso6392Code
ang
Iso6393Code
ang
Is primary topic of
Old English
Label
enOld English
LanguageFamily
Anglo-Frisian languages
Germanic languages
Ingvaeonic languages
West Germanic languages
Link from a Wikipage to an external page
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onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781444341355%3FcookieSet=1
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web.archive.org/web/20100521081137/http:/www.ling.upenn.edu/~kurisuto/germanic/language_resources.html
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web.archive.org/web/20120222235404/http:/victorcauchi.fortunecity.com/EuCmp/o/oldeng.htm
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Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage
Accusative case
Acute accent
Æ
Ælfric of Eynsham
Æthelwold of Winchester
Affricate consonant
Aldhelm
Alfred the Great
Alistair Campbell (academic)
Allophone
Alveolar approximant
Alveolar consonant
Alveolar flap
Alveolar trill
Analytic language
An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
Angles
Anglic languages
Angling
Anglo-Frisian languages
Anglo-Norman language
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
Anglo-Saxon England
Anglo-Saxon runes
Anglo-Saxons
Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain
Angus Cameron (academic)
Approximant consonant
Article (grammar)
Back vowel
Bede
Beowulf
Bernhard Tauchnitz
Blackwell Publishing
British Celtic languages
Brittonicisms in English
Brussels Glossary
Cædmon
Cædmon's Hymn
Cambridge University Press
Carolingian minuscule
Category:13th-century disestablishments in Europe
Category:5th-century establishments in England
Category:English languages
Category:Languages attested from the 5th century
Category:Languages extinct in the 13th century
Category:Medieval languages
Category:North Sea Germanic
Category:Old English
Celtic language-death in England
Celtic languages
Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
Christianization of England
Christian Kay
Clark Hall, J. R.
Cleopatra Glossaries
Close vowel
Cnut
Cnut the Great
Cognate
Common Brittonic
Consonant length
Constructed language
Cornish language
Cornwall
Corpus Glossary
Correlative conjunction
Cumbria
Cumbric language
Cynewulf
Danelaw
Dark l
Dative case
Declension
Demonstrative
Demonstrative adjective
Denmark
Dental consonant
Determiner
Devon
Diacritic
Dictionary
Dictionary of Old English
Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue
Digraph (orthography)
Diphthong
Donald Ringe
Do-support
Dual (grammatical number)
Durham Plant-Name Glossary
Ę
Earl
Early Middle English
Early Modern English
Early Scots
Early West Saxon
E caudata
Elder futhark
England
England–Wales border
English dialects
English grammar
English language
English orthography
English personal pronouns
English phonology
English plural
English possessive
English wh
Epic poem
Épinal-Erfurt glossary
Eth (letter)
Exeter Book
Eyre & Spottiswoode
Fausto Cercignani
File:2022 04 16 - MAP West Germanic – cc. 580 CE - END.png
File:Anglosaxonrunes.svg
File:Beowulf Cotton MS Vitellius A XV f. 132r.jpg
File:Faederureaudio2.ogg
File:Her swutelað seo gecwydrædnes ðe.jpg
File:Old English Dialects.png
File:Old norse, ca 900.PNG
File:Statue d'Alfred le Grand à Winchester.jpg
Finite verb
Fishermen
Fishhook
Fishing
Franks Casket
Frans Van Coetsem
Fricative consonant
Front vowel
Future tense
Gemination
Genitive case
Germanic languages
Germanic peoples
Germanic strong verb
Germanic tribe
Germanic umlaut
Germanic weak verb
Gloss (annotation)
Glottal consonant
Go (verb)
Goidelic languages
Grammatical aspect
Grammatical case
Grammatical conjugation
Grammatical conjunction
Grammatical gender
Grammatical mood
Grammatical number
Grammatical person
Grammatical tense
Great Britain
Half-uncial
Harcourt Trade Publishers
Harley Glossary
Height-harmonic
Heptarchy
Hiberno-Scottish mission
Historical linguistics
Historical reenactment
Historical Thesaurus of English
History of the Scots language
Hrothgar
Imperative mood
I-mutation
Indefinite pronouns
Independent clause
Infinitive
Inflection
Ingvaeonic
Ingvaeonic languages
Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law
Instrumental case
Insular G
Insular script
Interlinear gloss
International Phonetic Alphabet
Interrogative
Inversion (linguistics)
I-umlaut
J. R. R. Tolkien
Joseph Bosworth
Jutes
Jutland
Kenning
Kentish (Old English)
Kentish dialect (Old English)
Kingdom of England
Kingdom of Kent
Kingdom of Northumbria
Labial consonant
Langues d'oïl
Latin
Latin alphabet
Latin language
Latin script
Laud Herbal Glossary
Leiden Glossary
Lexicography
Lingua franca
Linguistic purism in English
List of English words of Anglo-Saxon origin
List of generic forms in place names in the United Kingdom and Ireland
List of Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English
Loanwords
Locative case
Long S
Lord's Prayer
Lyfing (Archbishop of Canterbury)
Macron (diacritic)
Marginalia
Mercia
Mercian (Old English)
Mercian dialect
Middle Ages
Middle English
Middle English Dictionary
Middle Scots
Mid front rounded vowel
Mid vowel
Modern English
Modern Paganism
Modern Scots
Mora (linguistics)
Nasal consonant
Nasal vowel
Negative concord
Neil Ker
Nominative case
Norman conquest
Norman Conquest
Northumbrian (Old English)
Northumbrian Old English
Noun
Object (grammar)
Old Dutch
Old English grammar
Old English Latin alphabet
Old English literature
Old French
Old Frisian
Old High German
Old Norse
Old Saxon
Open back rounded vowel
Open vowel
Otto Jespersen
Oxford English Dictionary
Palatal consonant
Participle
Passive voice
Pastoral Care
Periphrasis
Personal pronoun
Phone (phonetics)
Phoneme
Phonological history of English
Phonological history of Old English
Pictish language
Pilcrow
Pope Gregory I
Postalveolar consonant
Preposition and postposition
Progressive aspect
Pronoun
Pronunciation of English ⟨th⟩
Proto-Germanic
Proto-Indo-European
Proto-Indo-European root
Ralph Warren Victor Elliott
Ransom Riggs
Reconstructed language
Regular spelling
Relative pronoun
River Thames
River Tyne
Roget's Thesaurus
Roman Britain
Roman conquest of Britain
Roundedness
Runic alphabet
Saxon people
Saxons
Schleswig-Holstein
Scotland
Scots language
Scribal abbreviation
Scyld
Shilling
Silent letter
Sonorant
Sound change
Standard language
Stanford University Press
Stop consonant
Subject (grammar)
Subjunctive mood
Subordinate clause
Syllable coda
Syntax
Synthetic language
T. Northcote Toller
The Shape of English: structure and history
Thorkell the Tall
Thorn (letter)
Thorn with stroke
Thurisaz
Tironian note
Toponym
Trill consonant
University of Texas at Austin
Uses of English verb forms
Velar consonant
Verb-second
Viking invasion of Britain
Vikings
Voiced consonant
Vowel
W:Crimean Gothic
W:East Germanic
W:Old East Norse
W:Old English
W:Old Gutnish
W:Old West Norse
Wales
Welsh language
Weregild
West Country dialects
West Germanic gemination
West Germanic language
West Germanic languages
West Saxon (Old English)
West Saxon dialect
Who (pronoun)
William Somner
Winchester
Wolfram Euler
Word order
Wynn
Yogh
Name
enOld English
Name
en,
enOld English
Nativename
en,
Notice
enIPA
Region
enEngland , southern and eastern Scotland, and some localities in the eastern fringes of modern Wales.
SameAs
3v1HQ
4112501-0
Aajdingels
Aldingelsk
Altenglisch
Angelsaksisk (sprog)
Angelsassische Sprake
Anglès antic
Anglese antique
Anglosaksa lingvo
Anglosaština
Anglosaxona linguo
Anglsaxische Sproch
Antzinako ingelesa
Auld Inglis
Bahasa Inggeris Kuno
Bahasa Inggris Kuno
Basa Inggris Kuna
Eski İngilizce
Fornengelska
Fornenska
Fornenskt mál
Gammalengelsk
Gammelengelsk
Hen Saesneg
Hensaozneg
Idioma anglés antigo
Idioma anglosajón
Inglés antigo
Inglês antigo
Inglés antiguu
Język staroangielski
Kiingereza cha Kale
Köhnə ingilis dili
Limba engleză veche
Lingua Anglo-Saxonica
Lingua inglese antica
m.05p2d
m.0cmbyss
Muinaisenglanti
Mx4rwRSlqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
Óangol nyelv
Old English
Old English
Oudengels
Ou Engels
Q42365
Senangļu valoda
Senoji anglų kalba
Stara angleščina
Staroangličtina
Staroengleski jezik
Staroengleski jezik
Tiếng Anh cổ
Vanainglise keel
Vieil anglais
Vièlh anglés
Αρχαία αγγλική γλώσσα
Борынгы инглиз теле
Давньоанглійська мова
Древнеанглийский язык
Көне ағылшын тілі
Рагон англисаг æвзаг
Старажытнаанглійская мова
Староанглийски език
Староанглиски јазик
Староенглески језик
Հին անգլերեն
אנגלית עתיקה
اللغة الإنجليزية القديمة
زبان انگلیسی باستان
قدیم انگریزی
پرانی انگریزی
ऐंग्लो-सैक्सन भाषा
প্রাচীন ইংরেজি ভাষা
பண்டைய ஆங்கிலம்
ภาษาอังกฤษเก่า
ძველი ინგლისური ენა
ጥንታዊ እንግሊዝኛ
古英語
古英语
고대 영어
Script
enRunic, later Latin .
Spoken in
England
Scotland
Wales
Subject
Category:13th-century disestablishments in Europe
Category:5th-century establishments in England
Category:English languages
Category:Languages attested from the 5th century
Category:Languages extinct in the 13th century
Category:Medieval languages
Category:North Sea Germanic
Category:Old English
Thumbnail
Beowulf.Kenning.jpg?width=300
Title
enAn overview of the grammar of Old English
enDownloadable Old English keyboard for Windows and Mac
enOld English Glossary
enOld English Made Easy
enOld English – Modern English dictionary
enThe Electronic Introduction to Old English
Type
enOld English
Url
index.htm
index.htm
index.html
keyboards.html
oeme dictionaries.htm
oenglish.html
oldeng.htm
WasDerivedFrom
Old English?oldid=1121665330&ns=0
WikiPageLength
89451
Wikipage page ID
22667
Wikipage revision ID
1121665330
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Wordnet_type
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