
Old English
Old English (Englisċ, pronounced [ˈeŋɡliʃ]), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It was brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the mid-5th century, and the first Old English literary works date from the mid-7th century. After the Norman conquest of 1066, English was replaced, for a time, by Anglo-Norman (a relative of French) as the language of the upper classes. This is regarded as marking the end of the Old English era, since during this period the English language was heavily influenced by Anglo-Norman, developing into a phase known now as Middle English in England and Early Scots in Scotland.
- Ancestor
- Proto-Germanic
- Proto-Indo-European
- Category
- enOld English language
- Comment
- enOld English (Englisċ, pronounced [ˈeŋɡliʃ]), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It was brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the mid-5th century, and the first Old English literary works date from the mid-7th century. After the Norman conquest of 1066, English was replaced, for a time, by Anglo-Norman (a relative of French) as the language of the upper classes. This is regarded as marking the end of the Old English era, since during this period the English language was heavily influenced by Anglo-Norman, developing into a phase known now as Middle English in England and Early Scots in Scotland.
- Date
- 16 November 2001
- 2 July 2005
- 3 May 2009
- 23 June 2010
- 22 February 2012
- 7 September 2015
- 25 February 2016
- Depiction
- Dia
- Kentish dialect (Old English)
- Mercian dialect
- Northumbrian Old English
- West Saxon dialect
- Era
- enMostly developed into Middle English and Early Scots by the 13th century
- Ethnicity
- Anglo-Saxons
- Fam
- Anglic languages
- Anglo-Frisian languages
- Germanic languages
- Ingvaeonic languages
- West Germanic languages
- Familycolor
- enIndo-European
- Glotto
- enolde1238
- Glottorefname
- enOld English
- Has abstract
- enOld English (Englisċ, pronounced [ˈeŋɡliʃ]), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It was brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the mid-5th century, and the first Old English literary works date from the mid-7th century. After the Norman conquest of 1066, English was replaced, for a time, by Anglo-Norman (a relative of French) as the language of the upper classes. This is regarded as marking the end of the Old English era, since during this period the English language was heavily influenced by Anglo-Norman, developing into a phase known now as Middle English in England and Early Scots in Scotland. Old English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or Ingvaeonic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. As the Germanic settlers became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language; and Latin, brought to Britain by Roman invasion. Old English had four main dialects, associated with particular Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish and West Saxon. It was West Saxon that formed the basis for the literary standard of the later Old English period, although the dominant forms of Middle and Modern English would develop mainly from Mercian, and Scots from Northumbrian. The speech of eastern and northern parts of England was subject to strong Old Norse influence due to Scandinavian rule and settlement beginning in the 9th century. Old English is one of the West Germanic languages, and its closest relatives are Old Frisian and Old Saxon. Like other old Germanic languages, it is very different from Modern English and Modern Scots, and largely incomprehensible for Modern English or Modern Scots speakers without study. Within Old English grammar nouns, adjectives, pronouns and verbs have many inflectional endings and forms, and word order is much freer. The oldest Old English inscriptions were written using a runic system, but from about the 8th century this was replaced by a version of the Latin alphabet.
- Hypernym
- Form
- Imagecaption
- enA detail of the first page of the Beowulf manuscript, showing the words "ofer hron rade", translated as "over the whale's road ". It is an example of an Old English stylistic device, the kenning.
- Iso
- enang
- enango
- Iso6392Code
- ang
- Iso6393Code
- ang
- Is primary topic of
- Old English
- Label
- enOld English
- LanguageFamily
- Anglo-Frisian languages
- Germanic languages
- Ingvaeonic languages
- West Germanic languages
- Link from a Wikipage to an external page
- uw.digitalmappa.org/58
- onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781444341355%3FcookieSet=1
- books.google.com/books%3Fid=SgpriZdKin0C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s%23v=onepage&q=&f=false
- lrc.la.utexas.edu/eieol/engol
- sites.google.com/site/windowskeyboards/Home
- bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/
- slodive.com/freebies/old-english-letters/
- www.oldenglishtranslatorbeta.co.uk/
- bosworthtoller.com/
- oldenglishthesaurus.arts.gla.ac.uk/
- webarchive.loc.gov/all/20011116085544/http:/www.ucalgary.ca/uofc/eduweb/engl401/grammar/index.htm
- web.archive.org/web/20090503194009/http:/home.comcast.net/~modean52/index.htm
- doe.utoronto.ca/pages/index.html
- web.archive.org/web/20150907011523/https:/wmich.edu/medieval/resources/IOE/index.html
- web.archive.org/web/20100623040831/http:/megse.unm.edu/research/internal/keyboards.html
- web.archive.org/web/20100521081137/http:/www.ling.upenn.edu/~kurisuto/germanic/language_resources.html
- liberalarts.utexas.edu/lrc
- www.ling.upenn.edu/~kurisuto/germanic/oe_clarkhall_about.html
- web.archive.org/web/20050702002228/http:/home.comcast.net/~modean52/oeme_dictionaries.htm
- symbolcodes.tlt.psu.edu/bylanguage/oenglish.html
- web.archive.org/web/20160225011157/http:/symbolcodes.tlt.psu.edu/bylanguage/oenglish.html
- web.archive.org/web/20120222235404/http:/victorcauchi.fortunecity.com/EuCmp/o/oldeng.htm
- web.archive.org/web/20100407164322/http:/www.omniglot.com/writing/oldenglish.htm
- copac.ac.uk/search%3Frn=11&au=angus+cameron&ti=old+english+dictionary&sort-order=ti%2C%2Ddate
- www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv=7Wl-OZ3breE&feature=PlayList&p=11D1A11A88A6FF2A&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=1
- www.doe.utoronto.ca
- Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage
- Accusative case
- Acute accent
- Æ
- Ælfric of Eynsham
- Æthelwold of Winchester
- Affricate consonant
- Aldhelm
- Alfred the Great
- Alistair Campbell (academic)
- Allophone
- Alveolar approximant
- Alveolar consonant
- Alveolar flap
- Alveolar trill
- Analytic language
- An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
- Angles
- Anglic languages
- Angling
- Anglo-Frisian languages
- Anglo-Norman language
- Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
- Anglo-Saxon England
- Anglo-Saxon runes
- Anglo-Saxons
- Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain
- Angus Cameron (academic)
- Approximant consonant
- Article (grammar)
- Back vowel
- Bede
- Beowulf
- Bernhard Tauchnitz
- Blackwell Publishing
- British Celtic languages
- Brittonicisms in English
- Brussels Glossary
- Cædmon
- Cædmon's Hymn
- Cambridge University Press
- Carolingian minuscule
- Category:13th-century disestablishments in Europe
- Category:5th-century establishments in England
- Category:English languages
- Category:Languages attested from the 5th century
- Category:Languages extinct in the 13th century
- Category:Medieval languages
- Category:North Sea Germanic
- Category:Old English
- Celtic language-death in England
- Celtic languages
- Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
- Christianization of England
- Christian Kay
- Clark Hall, J. R.
- Cleopatra Glossaries
- Close vowel
- Cnut
- Cnut the Great
- Cognate
- Common Brittonic
- Consonant length
- Constructed language
- Cornish language
- Cornwall
- Corpus Glossary
- Correlative conjunction
- Cumbria
- Cumbric language
- Cynewulf
- Danelaw
- Dark l
- Dative case
- Declension
- Demonstrative
- Demonstrative adjective
- Denmark
- Dental consonant
- Determiner
- Devon
- Diacritic
- Dictionary
- Dictionary of Old English
- Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue
- Digraph (orthography)
- Diphthong
- Donald Ringe
- Do-support
- Dual (grammatical number)
- Durham Plant-Name Glossary
- Ę
- Earl
- Early Middle English
- Early Modern English
- Early Scots
- Early West Saxon
- E caudata
- Elder futhark
- England
- England–Wales border
- English dialects
- English grammar
- English language
- English orthography
- English personal pronouns
- English phonology
- English plural
- English possessive
- English wh
- Epic poem
- Épinal-Erfurt glossary
- Eth (letter)
- Exeter Book
- Eyre & Spottiswoode
- Fausto Cercignani
- File:2022 04 16 - MAP West Germanic – cc. 580 CE - END.png
- File:Anglosaxonrunes.svg
- File:Beowulf Cotton MS Vitellius A XV f. 132r.jpg
- File:Faederureaudio2.ogg
- File:Her swutelað seo gecwydrædnes ðe.jpg
- File:Old English Dialects.png
- File:Old norse, ca 900.PNG
- File:Statue d'Alfred le Grand à Winchester.jpg
- Finite verb
- Fishermen
- Fishhook
- Fishing
- Franks Casket
- Frans Van Coetsem
- Fricative consonant
- Front vowel
- Future tense
- Gemination
- Genitive case
- Germanic languages
- Germanic peoples
- Germanic strong verb
- Germanic tribe
- Germanic umlaut
- Germanic weak verb
- Gloss (annotation)
- Glottal consonant
- Go (verb)
- Goidelic languages
- Grammatical aspect
- Grammatical case
- Grammatical conjugation
- Grammatical conjunction
- Grammatical gender
- Grammatical mood
- Grammatical number
- Grammatical person
- Grammatical tense
- Great Britain
- Half-uncial
- Harcourt Trade Publishers
- Harley Glossary
- Height-harmonic
- Heptarchy
- Hiberno-Scottish mission
- Historical linguistics
- Historical reenactment
- Historical Thesaurus of English
- History of the Scots language
- Hrothgar
- Imperative mood
- I-mutation
- Indefinite pronouns
- Independent clause
- Infinitive
- Inflection
- Ingvaeonic
- Ingvaeonic languages
- Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law
- Instrumental case
- Insular G
- Insular script
- Interlinear gloss
- International Phonetic Alphabet
- Interrogative
- Inversion (linguistics)
- I-umlaut
- J. R. R. Tolkien
- Joseph Bosworth
- Jutes
- Jutland
- Kenning
- Kentish (Old English)
- Kentish dialect (Old English)
- Kingdom of England
- Kingdom of Kent
- Kingdom of Northumbria
- Labial consonant
- Langues d'oïl
- Latin
- Latin alphabet
- Latin language
- Latin script
- Laud Herbal Glossary
- Leiden Glossary
- Lexicography
- Lingua franca
- Linguistic purism in English
- List of English words of Anglo-Saxon origin
- List of generic forms in place names in the United Kingdom and Ireland
- List of Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English
- Loanwords
- Locative case
- Long S
- Lord's Prayer
- Lyfing (Archbishop of Canterbury)
- Macron (diacritic)
- Marginalia
- Mercia
- Mercian (Old English)
- Mercian dialect
- Middle Ages
- Middle English
- Middle English Dictionary
- Middle Scots
- Mid front rounded vowel
- Mid vowel
- Modern English
- Modern Paganism
- Modern Scots
- Mora (linguistics)
- Nasal consonant
- Nasal vowel
- Negative concord
- Neil Ker
- Nominative case
- Norman conquest
- Norman Conquest
- Northumbrian (Old English)
- Northumbrian Old English
- Noun
- Object (grammar)
- Old Dutch
- Old English grammar
- Old English Latin alphabet
- Old English literature
- Old French
- Old Frisian
- Old High German
- Old Norse
- Old Saxon
- Open back rounded vowel
- Open vowel
- Otto Jespersen
- Oxford English Dictionary
- Palatal consonant
- Participle
- Passive voice
- Pastoral Care
- Periphrasis
- Personal pronoun
- Phone (phonetics)
- Phoneme
- Phonological history of English
- Phonological history of Old English
- Pictish language
- Pilcrow
- Pope Gregory I
- Postalveolar consonant
- Preposition and postposition
- Progressive aspect
- Pronoun
- Pronunciation of English ⟨th⟩
- Proto-Germanic
- Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Indo-European root
- Ralph Warren Victor Elliott
- Ransom Riggs
- Reconstructed language
- Regular spelling
- Relative pronoun
- River Thames
- River Tyne
- Roget's Thesaurus
- Roman Britain
- Roman conquest of Britain
- Roundedness
- Runic alphabet
- Saxon people
- Saxons
- Schleswig-Holstein
- Scotland
- Scots language
- Scribal abbreviation
- Scyld
- Shilling
- Silent letter
- Sonorant
- Sound change
- Standard language
- Stanford University Press
- Stop consonant
- Subject (grammar)
- Subjunctive mood
- Subordinate clause
- Syllable coda
- Syntax
- Synthetic language
- T. Northcote Toller
- The Shape of English: structure and history
- Thorkell the Tall
- Thorn (letter)
- Thorn with stroke
- Thurisaz
- Tironian note
- Toponym
- Trill consonant
- University of Texas at Austin
- Uses of English verb forms
- Velar consonant
- Verb-second
- Viking invasion of Britain
- Vikings
- Voiced consonant
- Vowel
- W:Crimean Gothic
- W:East Germanic
- W:Old East Norse
- W:Old English
- W:Old Gutnish
- W:Old West Norse
- Wales
- Welsh language
- Weregild
- West Country dialects
- West Germanic gemination
- West Germanic language
- West Germanic languages
- West Saxon (Old English)
- West Saxon dialect
- Who (pronoun)
- William Somner
- Winchester
- Wolfram Euler
- Word order
- Wynn
- Yogh
- Name
- enOld English
- Name
- en,
- enOld English
- Nativename
- en,
- Notice
- enIPA
- Region
- enEngland , southern and eastern Scotland, and some localities in the eastern fringes of modern Wales.
- SameAs
- 3v1HQ
- 4112501-0
- Aajdingels
- Aldingelsk
- Altenglisch
- Angelsaksisk (sprog)
- Angelsassische Sprake
- Anglès antic
- Anglese antique
- Anglosaksa lingvo
- Anglosaština
- Anglosaxona linguo
- Anglsaxische Sproch
- Antzinako ingelesa
- Auld Inglis
- Bahasa Inggeris Kuno
- Bahasa Inggris Kuno
- Basa Inggris Kuna
- Eski İngilizce
- Fornengelska
- Fornenska
- Fornenskt mál
- Gammalengelsk
- Gammelengelsk
- Hen Saesneg
- Hensaozneg
- Idioma anglés antigo
- Idioma anglosajón
- Inglés antigo
- Inglês antigo
- Inglés antiguu
- Język staroangielski
- Kiingereza cha Kale
- Köhnə ingilis dili
- Limba engleză veche
- Lingua Anglo-Saxonica
- Lingua inglese antica
- m.05p2d
- m.0cmbyss
- Muinaisenglanti
- Mx4rwRSlqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
- Óangol nyelv
- Old English
- Old English
- Oudengels
- Ou Engels
- Q42365
- Senangļu valoda
- Senoji anglų kalba
- Stara angleščina
- Staroangličtina
- Staroengleski jezik
- Staroengleski jezik
- Tiếng Anh cổ
- Vanainglise keel
- Vieil anglais
- Vièlh anglés
- Αρχαία αγγλική γλώσσα
- Борынгы инглиз теле
- Давньоанглійська мова
- Древнеанглийский язык
- Көне ағылшын тілі
- Рагон англисаг æвзаг
- Старажытнаанглійская мова
- Староанглийски език
- Староанглиски јазик
- Староенглески језик
- Հին անգլերեն
- אנגלית עתיקה
- اللغة الإنجليزية القديمة
- زبان انگلیسی باستان
- قدیم انگریزی
- پرانی انگریزی
- ऐंग्लो-सैक्सन भाषा
- প্রাচীন ইংরেজি ভাষা
- பண்டைய ஆங்கிலம்
- ภาษาอังกฤษเก่า
- ძველი ინგლისური ენა
- ጥንታዊ እንግሊዝኛ
- 古英語
- 古英语
- 고대 영어
- Script
- enRunic, later Latin .
- Spoken in
- England
- Scotland
- Wales
- Subject
- Category:13th-century disestablishments in Europe
- Category:5th-century establishments in England
- Category:English languages
- Category:Languages attested from the 5th century
- Category:Languages extinct in the 13th century
- Category:Medieval languages
- Category:North Sea Germanic
- Category:Old English
- Thumbnail
- Title
- enAn overview of the grammar of Old English
- enDownloadable Old English keyboard for Windows and Mac
- enOld English Glossary
- enOld English Made Easy
- enOld English – Modern English dictionary
- enThe Electronic Introduction to Old English
- Type
- enOld English
- Url
- index.htm
- index.htm
- index.html
- keyboards.html
- oeme dictionaries.htm
- oenglish.html
- oldeng.htm
- WasDerivedFrom
- Old English?oldid=1121665330&ns=0
- WikiPageLength
- 89451
- Wikipage page ID
- 22667
- Wikipage revision ID
- 1121665330
- WikiPageUsesTemplate
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- Template:IPA-ang
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- Template:IPA link
- Template:ISBN
- Template:Legend
- Template:Main
- Template:Old English topics
- Template:Portal
- Template:Refbegin
- Template:Refend
- Template:Reflist
- Template:Script
- Template:Section link
- Template:Short description
- Template:Use British English
- Template:Use dmy dates
- Template:Webarchive
- Template:Wikisource
- Template:Wiktionary category
- Template:Wikt-lang
- Wordnet_type
- synset-language-noun-1